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Science > Science Chpt 13 > Flashcards

Science Chpt 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Mechanical Engineering by definition??

A

A branch of engineering that focuses on the design, production, analysis, working and improvement of a technical object

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2
Q

What must mechanical engineering take into account

A

all aspects of motion, in an object namely the guiding transition, transmission of that motion, changes in speed

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3
Q

What is a link?

A

The mechanical function performed by any component, that connects different parts of an technical object

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4
Q

What is a link?

A

The mechanical function performed by any component, that connects different parts of an technical object

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5
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of links?

A
  1. Direct, indirect
  2. Rigid, flexible
  3. Removable, non-removable (permanent)
  4. Complete, partial
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6
Q

What is direct and indirect links?

A
  • Direct: when two parts hold together without a linking component (highlighter)
  • indirect: when the parts require a linking component you connect them
    (Scissors)
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7
Q

What are rigid and flexible links?

A
  • rigid: when the surfaces of the linkikg component is rigid (scissors)
  • flexible: when the surfaces can be deformed (tire)
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8
Q

Is are Removable and permanent links?

A

-Removable: when the parts can separated without further demaging the object (screws, nuts)
- permanent: when separating the link damages the object

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9
Q

What is are completely and partial links?

A

-complete: when the parts cannot move independently when linked
-partial when the parts can move independently when linked

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10
Q

What is a degree of freedom and how many are there??

A
  • a degree of freedom is the possible of independent movement (how they can move)
  • 6 of them
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11
Q

What are the different types of freedom of movement?

A
  • translational: left-right (Tx), top-bottom (Ty), front-back (Tz)
    -rotational: x-axis (Rx), y-axis (Ry), z-axis (Rz)
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12
Q

What is a guiding by definition?
What is a guiding component?

A

-the mechanical function performed by any component that controls the motion of one or more moving parts
-the object that controls the motion of moving parts

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13
Q

What are the types of guiding?

A
  • translational guiding: ensure the straight translational motion (sliding door)
    -Rotational guiding: ensures the rotational motion of a moving part (axle on a wheel)
    -helical guiding: ensures the translational motion of guiding while rotating on the same axis (c-clamp)
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14
Q

What is adhesion by definition?

A
  • the phenomenon by which two surfaces tend to remain in contact with each other without slipping
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15
Q

What adhesion??

A
  • the nature of the material in contact (if they mesh well together)
  • the presence of a lubricant
  • temperature (colder temperature less adhesions)
  • states of the surfaces in contact
  • perpendicular force exerted by one surface to another. (Force applied)
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16
Q

What is friction?

A
  • a force that resists the slipping of one moving part over another
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17
Q

How do you reduce friction?? And what kinds are there

A

-adding a lubricant
Kinds: liquid (water, oil), semisolid (Vaseline, animal fat), solid (graphite, paraffin)

18
Q

What is a motion transmission system??

A
  • a system in which the motion stays the same throughout movement
19
Q

What is a driver, driven, and intermediate?

A

Driver: the component that receives the force required to activate the system
Driven: the component that receives the motion and transfers it on
Intermediate: the one in the middle of them

20
Q

What are the 5 types of motions transmission systems?

A

-gear train
-chain and sprocket
-worm and worm gear system
-friction gear system
-belt and pulley system

21
Q

Which of the motion transmissions is non-reversible?

A

-worm and worm gear system

22
Q

What is the definition of reversible in motions systems?

A
  • the driver can become driver
23
Q

What elements are there to consider when building a gear and gear train?

A
  • gear teeth: they must all be identical, same shape, direction, and equally spaced
  • gear type: straight gears (rotational axes are parallel), bevel gears (rotation axes are perpendicular)
  • gear size: the higher the number of teeth the lower speed of rotation, the larger the diameter of the gear the slower its rotation
24
Q

What do you consider when building a chain and sprocket system?

A
  • the teeth on the system sprocket must be identical
  • the chain links must mesh easily with the sprocket teeth
  • the system requires frequent lubrication to avoid the rapid wear of the teeth and the chain
  • the smaller a sprocket, the faster it turns
25
Q

What are things to consider when building a work and worm gear system?

A

-the groove of the worm skit fit the gear teeth so that they can mesh
-driver must be the worm

26
Q

What are elements to consider when building a friction gear train?

A
  • gear type: straight, bevel or spherical depending on the axes of the other gears
  • gear size: the larger the diameter of the gear the slower its rotation
    -adhesion of the material: friction between the gears must be high
27
Q

What are elements to consider when building a belt and pulley system??

A
  • contain a groove where the belt can fit the groove must be smooth to prevent damage to the belt
    -the belt must adhere to the pulleys to avoid slipping much as possible
  • the smaller a pulley the faster it turns
28
Q

What is a speed change?

A

-occurs in a motions transmission system when the driver does not turn at the same speed as the driven

29
Q

How does the speed change in work and worm gear work?

A
  • for each turn of the worm the worm gear moves the distances of only one tooth. The greater the number of teeth the greater the decrease in speed
30
Q

Does does the speed change happen in friction gear and belt and pulley systems?

A

-increase: motion is transmitted from one gear or pulley to a gear or pulley of smaller diameter
-decrease: motions is transmitted from one gear or pulley to a gear or pulley of larger diameter
-no change: motion is transmitted between two gears of the same diameter

31
Q

How does the speed change occur in gear trains and chain sprocket system?

A

-increase: motion is transmitted from one gear or sprocket to another with fewer teeth
-decrease: motion is transmitted from one gear or sprocket to one with more teeth
-no change: same amount of teeth

32
Q

How does the speed change occur in gear trains and chain sprocket system?

A

-increase: motion is transmitted from one gear or sprocket to another with fewer teeth
-decrease: motion is transmitted from one gear or sprocket to one with more teeth
-no change: same amount of teeth

33
Q

What is torque?

A

-invokes two forces of equal strength but applied in opposite directions, which causes a component to rotate on an axis

34
Q

What is the difference between engine and resisting torque?

A

Engine: increases the rotational speed of components
Resisting: slows or stop the rotation of components

35
Q

What is a motion transformation system?

A

When the motion changes in between components of a mechanism

36
Q

Which of the motion transformation systems are reversible?

A

-rack and pinion
-slider crank mechanism

37
Q

What is there to consider when building a rack and pinion system

A
  • the teeth on the rack and on the pinion must be identical
    -the system requires frequent lubrication to prevent wear
    -the greater the number of teeth on the pinion the slower its rotation
38
Q

What is there to consider when building a screw gear system?

A
  • the first system type, the nut must be connected to the screw in such a way that the nut cannot rotate
    -in both systems, the threads of the screw and nuts must match
    -in the second type, the nut must be fixed in such a way that it’s only
    Possible motion is rotation
39
Q

Things to consider with a cam and follower system?

A
  • the follower must be guilted in its translational motion
    -the shape of the cam determines how the follower will move
    -a device such as a return spring is usually necessary to keep the follower in continual contact with the cam
40
Q

What is the name for special cams?

A

Eccentrics

41
Q

What is there to consider with a slider crank

A

-the connecting rod contains two bushings to attach it to the crank and piston
-the cylinder must guild the the parts moving in translation
-the system requires frequent lubrication

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