Science Chapter 4.2 Flashcards
What are the 2 main forms of reproduction
Sexual (needing 2 parents)
Asexual (needing only 1 parent)
What does Asexual mean
without sex
List 5 different ways plants reproduce asexually
Runners eg grass (stems running along ground surface)
Stem Tuber eg potatoe (swelling called Tubers attached to stem underground and full of stored food
Bulbs eg onion (underground leaves full of stored food)
Underground Stem eg bamboo(Stem run underground and send up leaves at intervals)
Root Suckers eg eucalypts (root send up stems where they come near the surface)
Tap Root eg carrotts (Swollen Roots are full of stored food)
Name 2 methods of asexual reproduction in animals
Budding eg Hydra
Parthenogenesis eg Fleas
What is the process called when a sperm from a male join with an egg from a female
Fertilization
Fertilization results in a new cell called
Zygote
What is a Hermaphrodite
An individual that has both male and female sex organs eg flat worm
What are flowers
reproductive structures in plants that produce the gametes and allow fertilization to occur which results in a seed
label parts of flower
draw
Where is pollen produced
in the anther
What is pollination
the transfer of pollen to the stigma
In flowering the egg inside the structure is known as
ovule
What is a style
tube that connects the stigma to the ovary
What is fruit
the remains of the ovary plus all the seeds it contains
What is an embryo
A seed containing a new plant
What is germination
is the process where the embryo sprouts out of the seed
Give examples of external fertilization / external development
when fertilization occurs outside the body eg frog
Where development occurs outside eg bird in egg
Give example of internal fertilization / internal development
when fertilization occurs inside the body eg all land animals
the young develop inside the mothers body
What is copulation
the act of joining together the male and female to transfer sperm
Advantages of asexual reproduction
effective for organisms that live a long way from others
organisms that can not move very far
environments that do not change much
Disadvantage of asexual reproduction
because all individuals are identical any disease or changes to environment will effect the entire population.
Benefits of sexual reproduction
All individual are different from each other which allows some to survive changes in their environment eg great plague
