Science Ch.23.3 Flashcards
Absorption
The process of taking nutrients from the digestive system into the blood so they can be used in the body.
Bile
A fluid produced by the liver. It is secreted into the duodenum
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Is an estimate of the fat content of the body
Chemical Digestion
Chemical breakdown of large, complex food molecules into smaller, simpler nutrient molecules that can be absorbed by the blood.
Digestion
Is the process of breaking down food into components the body can absorb
Digestive system
Consists of organs that break down food and absorb nutrients such as glucose.
Eating Disorder
Is a mental illness in which people feel compelled to eat in a way that causes physical, mental and emotional health problems
Elimination
The process in which waste passes out of the body through the anus
Esophagus
A long narrow tube that passes food from the pharynx to the stomach by peristalsis.
Feces
Remaining solid wastes
Gall bladder
A sac-like organ that stores and concentrated bile and then secretes it into the small intestine.It helps break down fatty foods.
Gastrointestinal (G) tract
Is a long tube that connects the mouth with the anus
Large Intestine
Is a relatively wide tube that connects the small intestine with the anus.
Liver
Is an organ of both digestion and excretion. Filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances, such as alcohol and drugs.
Macronutrient
Nutrients that the body needs in relatively large amounts.
Mechanical Digestion
The physical breakdown of chunks of food into smaller pieces. Takes place in the mouth and stomach.
Micronutrient
Nutrients the body needs in relatively small amounts.
Mineral
Are chemical elements that are essential for the body processes
MyPlate
Depicts the relative daily portions of various food groups.
MyPyramid
Shows the relative amounts of foods in different food groups you should eat each day.
Nutrient
Substances the body needs for energy, building materials, and control of body processes.
Obesity
Occurs when the body mass index is 30.0 kg/m squared or greater.
Peristalsis
Is in involuntary muscle contraction that moves rapidly along an organ like a wave which helps more move food through the digestive tract.
Small Intestine
Is a narrow tube about 7 meters (23 feet) long in adults. It is the site of most chemical digestion and virtually all absorption.
Stomach
Is a sac-like organ in which food is further digested both mechanically and chemically.
Villi
Fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorption. They contain many capillaries, and nutrients pass from them into the bloodstream thought the capillaries.
Vitamin
Are organic compounds that are needed by the body to function properly.
