Science Ch 22.1 Flashcards
Action Potential
The reversal of charge. Begins when a neuron receives a chemical signal from another cell
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
All involuntary activities are not under conscious control responsibility of this system.
Axon
Long extension of the cell body that transmits nerve impulses to other cells
Brain
The most complex organ of the human body and the control center of the nervous system
Cell Body
Contains the nucleus and other cell organelles
Brain Stem
Lowest part of the brain. It connects the rest of the brain with the spinal cord and passes nerve impulses between the brain and spinal cord.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Includes the brain and spinal cord. One of the two main divisions of the nervous system
Cerebellum
It coordinates the body movements.
Dendrites
Extend from the cell body and receive nerve impulses from other neurons
Drug Abuse
The use of a drug without advice of a medical professional and for reasons not originally intended
Drug Addiction
In which drug users are unable to stop the using of drugs
Interneuron
Carry nerve impulses back and forth between sensory and motor neurons
Motor Neuron
Carry nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
Myelin Sheath
The outer layer of an axons many neurons. It acts like a layer of insulation
Nerve
Cable-like bundle of axons
Nerve Impulse
The electrical signals that the neuron sends
Nervous System
Complex network of nervous tissue that carries electrical messages throughout the body
Neuron
Are the structural and functional units of the nervous system
Neurotransmitter
Endogenous chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Consists of all the nervous tissue that lies outside the central nervous system
Psychoactive Drug
This means they affect the central nervous system, generally by influencing the transmission of nerve impulses
Resting Potential
The electrical potential difference between the inside and outside of a neuron
Sensory Receptors
Specialized cells that detect changes in the environment and convert these changes into electrical signals that can be processed by the nervous system
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Controls mainly voluntary activities that are under conscious control
Spinal Cord
Is a thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue that extends from the brainstem and continues down the center of the back to the pelvis
Synapse
The place where an axon terminal meets another cell
