Science, Bitch 🚀 Flashcards

Question 1

Q

What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in an experiment?

Answer

A

independent variable — variable
that is — varied/manipulated
by — the researcher
dependent variable — response
that is — measured

Question 2

Q

Define population as it relates to research methods

Answer

A

all — the individuals
to which — the study applies

Question 3

Q

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer

A

experimental setup — designed
to test — hypotheses
has one — or more
conditions — independent variables
measures — dependent variables

Question 4

Q

Define sample — as it relates to research methods

Answer

A

subgroup — population
that — constitutes
participants — a study

Question 5

Q

What type of sample — should be used in research?

Answer

A

Larger sample — sizes
are ideal — because they’re
the most — representative
of — the population

Question 6

Q

sampling — error

Answer

A

statistical error — occurs when
an analyst — doesn’t select
sample that — represents
entire population — of data
results found — sample
don’t represent — the results
that would be — obtained
from the — entire population
The amount — of difference
between sample — population

Question 7

Q

Define random selection — as it relates to research methods

Answer

A

every individual — from a population
has an — equal chance
of being — chosen
for — the sample

Question 8

Q

Which individuals are — in the experimental group?

Answer

A

subjects who — receive
treatment — manipulation
of the — independent variable

Question 9

Q

Which individuals are — in the control group?

Answer

A

subjects who — don’t receive
any treatment — manipulation

Question 10

Q

What process is used to ensure there are no preexisting differences between the control group and the experimental group?

Answer

A

Random — assignment
fairly — divides
the sample — participants
into the — two groups

Question 11

Q

confounding variable

Answer

A

a.k.a. — third variable
any difference — between
experimental/control — group
besides — the effect
independent — variable
influencia — tanto
variável — dependente/independent
causando — associação espúria

Question 12

Q

experimenter — bias

Answer

A

refers to — the unintentional
influence — the experimenter’s
expectations — beliefs
preconceived — notions
on the — outcome of
a study — research experiment

Question 13

Q

Placebo — effect

Answer

A

i will please — latin
any treatment — has no
active properties — sugar pill
saline/water — injection
even fake — surgical procedure
belief in — a treatment
may be enough — to change
the course — of a person’s
physical — illness
mental — illness

Question 14

Q

IMPURE — PLACEBO

Answer

A

MEDICATIONS — THAT HAVE
ACTIVE EFFECT — BODY
BUT NOT — ON THE
CONDITION — BEING TREATED

Question 15

Q

HOW DO — PLACEBOS WORK

Answer

A

SELF-LIMITING — DISORDERS
REMISSION
CHANGE — IN BEHAVIOR
ALTERED — PERCEPTION
REDUCED — ANXIETY
BRAIN — CHEMICALS
ALTERED — BRAIN STATE
CHARACTERISTICS — PLACEBO
THE PERSON’S — ATTITUDE
DOCTOR-PATIENT — RELATIONSHIP

Question 16

Q

SELF-LIMITING — DISORDERS

Answer

A

MANY CONDITIONS — SUCH AS
COMMON — COLD
THEY WILL — RESOLVE
BY THEMSELVES — ANYWAY
WITH — WITHOUT
PLACEBOS — MEDICATIONS
THE END — SYMPTOMS
JUST A — COINCIDENCE

Question 17

Q

REMISSION

Answer

A

SYMPTOMS — SOME DISORDERS
SUCH AS — MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
LUPUS — MAY
COME — AND GO
A REMISSION — DURING
COURSE OF — PLACEBOS
MAY BE — COINCIDENCE

Question 18

Q

CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR — PLACEBO

Answer

A

THE PLACEBO — MAY INCREASE
PERSON’S — MOTIVATION
TO TAKE — BETTER CARE
OF — THEMSELVES
IMPROVED — DIET
REGULAR — EXERCISE
REST

Question 19

Q

ALTERED PERCEPTION — PLACEBO

Answer

A

THE PERSON’S — INTERPRETATION
OF THEIR — SYMPTOMS
MAY CHANGE — WITH EXPECTATION
OF FEELING — BETTER
THEY MAY — INTERPRET
SHARP PAIN — UNCOMFORTABLE
TINGLING — INSTEAD

Question 20

Q

REDUCED ANXIETY — PLACEBO

Answer

A

TAKING — PLACEBO
EXPECTING — FEEL BETTER
MAY BE — SOOTHING
REDUCE — LEVELS
STRESS — CHEMICALS
THE BODY — PRODUCES
SUCH AS — ADRENALINE

Question 21

Q

BRAIN CHEMICALS — PLACEBO

Answer

A

PLACEBOS — MAY TRIGGER
RELEASED — BODY’S OWN
NATURAL — PAIN RELIEVERS
THE BRAIN — CHEMICALS
KNOWN AS — ENDORPHINS

Question 22

Q

ALTERED BRAIN STATE — PLACEBO

Answer

A

RESEARCH — INDICATES
THE BRAIN — RESPONDS
AN IMAGINED — SCENE
IN MUCH — THE SAME WAY
AS IT RESPONDS — TO
ACTUAL — VISUALISED SCENE
PLACEBO — MAY HELP
BRAIN — REMEMBER
TIME BEFORE — ONSET
SYMPTOMS — AND THEN
BRING — ABOUT
CHANGE TO — THE BODY
THIS THEORY — IS CALLED
REMEMBERED — WELLNESS

Question 23

Q

PLACEBO — APPEARANCE

Answer

A

IF THE PILL — LOOKS REAL
THE PERSON — TAKING IT
IS MORE — LIKELY
TO BELIEVE — THAT IT
CONTAINS — ACTIVE MEDICINE
RESEARCH — SHOWS
LARGER SIZED — PILLS
SUGGEST — STRONGER DOSE
THAN — SMALLER PILLS
TAKING — TWO PILLS
APPEARS TO — BE MORE
PONTENT — THAN JUST 1
GENERALLY — INJECTIONS
MORE POWERFUL — THAN PILLS

Question 24

Q

THE PERSON’S ATTITUDE — PLACEBO

Incompleto

Answer

A

IF PERSON — EXPECTS
TREATMENT — TO WORK
THE CHANCES — ARE HIGHER
BUT PLACEBOS — CAN
STILL WORK — EVEN IF
PERSON IS — SCEPTICAL
OF SUCCESS

Question 25

Q

RELIABILITY

Answer

A

CONSISTENCY OF — RESULTS

Question 26

Q

VALIDITY

Answer

A

EFFECTIVENESS
IN — MEASURING
WHAT IT — WAS
DESIGNED — TO
MEASURE

Question 27

Q

What type of experimental design uses each participant as his/her own control?

Answer

A

A within-subjects — design
exposes — each participant
to the — treatment
and — compares
their — pre-test
post-test — results
This design — can also
compare — the results
of two — different
treatments — administered

Question 28

Q

How do researchers specifically define what variables mean?

Answer

A

Researchers — use
operational — definitions
to precisely — describe
variables — in relation
to — their study
for — example
effectiveness — of studying
can be — operationally defined
with a — test score

Question 29

Q

What is a single-blind procedure?

Answer

A

research — design
in which — the subjects
are — unaware
if they — are in
control — group
experimental — group
demand — characteristics

Question 30

Q

What is a double-blind procedure?

Answer

A

research — design
in which — neither
the — experimenter
nor the — subjects
are — aware
who’s — in the
control — group
experimental — group
experimenter — bias

Question 31

Q

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer

A

individuals — who
are being — experimented on
behave — differently
than in their — everyday life

Question 32

Q

How are quasi-experiments different from controlled experiments?

Answer

A

Random — assignment
is not — possible in
quasi — experiments

Question 33

Q

What types of research are considered quasi-experiments?

Answer

A

Differences in — behavior between
males — females
various — age groups
students in — different classes

Question 34

Q

Define: correlational research

Answer

A

establishes — relationship
between — two variables
doesn’t — determine
cause — effect
used to make — predictions
and generate — future research

Question 35

Q

List three types of correlational research

Answer

A

naturalistic observation
surveys
tests

Question 36

Q

Clinical trials (placebo)

Answer

A

there are many — clinical trials
where a person — who has taken
the placebo — has reported
an improvement — symptoms

Question 37

Q

Define naturalistic observation as it relates to correlational research

Answer

A

consists of — field observation
of naturally — occurring behavior
such as — the way
students — behave
in the — classroom
there is — no
manipulation — of variables

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Science, Bitch 🚀 Flashcards

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