Science, Bitch 🚀

Question 1

DIFFERENCE — VARIABLES

Answer 1

• INDEPENDENT — VARIABLE
• MANIPULATED — RESEARCHER
• DEPENDENT — VARIABLE
• RESPONSE — MEASURED

Question 2

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 2

• experimental setup — designed
• to test — hypotheses
• has one — or more
• conditions — independent variables
• measures — dependent variables

Question 3

Define sample — as it relates to research methods

Answer 3

• subgroup — population
• that — constitutes
• participants — a study

Question 4

What type of sample — should be used in research?

Answer 4

• Larger sample — sizes
• are ideal — because they’re
• the most — representative
• of — the population

Question 5

sampling — error

Answer 5

• statistical error — occurs when
• an analyst — doesn’t select
• sample that — represents
• entire population — of data
• results found — sample
• don’t represent — the results
• that would be — obtained
• from the — entire population
• The amount — of difference
• between sample — population

Question 6

Define random selection — as it relates to research methods

Answer 6

• every individual — from a population
• has an — equal chance
• of being — chosen
• for — the sample

Question 7

Which individuals are — in the experimental group?

Answer 7

• subjects who — receive
• treatment — manipulation
• of the — independent variable

Question 8

Which individuals are — in the control group?

Answer 8

• subjects who — don’t receive
• any treatment — manipulation

Question 9

What process is used to ensure there are no preexisting differences between the control group and the experimental group?

Answer 9

• Random — assignment
• fairly — divides
• the sample — participants
• into the — two groups

Question 10

confounding variable

Answer 10

• a.k.a. — third variable
• any difference — between
• experimental/control — group
• besides — the effect
• independent — variable
• influencia — tanto
• variável — dependente/independent
• causando — associação espúria

Question 11

experimenter — bias

Answer 11

• refers to — the unintentional
• influence — the experimenter’s
• expectations — beliefs
• preconceived — notions
• on the — outcome of
• a study — research experiment

Question 12

Placebo — effect

Answer 12

• i will please — latin
• any treatment — has no
• active properties — sugar pill
• saline/water — injection
• even fake — surgical procedure
• belief in — a treatment
• may be enough — to change
• the course — of a person’s
• physical — illness
• mental — illness

Question 13

IMPURE — PLACEBO

Answer 13

• MEDICATIONS — THAT HAVE
• ACTIVE EFFECT — BODY
• BUT NOT — ON THE
• CONDITION — BEING TREATED

Question 14

HOW DO — PLACEBOS WORK

Answer 14

• SELF-LIMITING — DISORDERS
• REMISSION
• CHANGE — IN BEHAVIOR
• ALTERED — PERCEPTION
• REDUCED — ANXIETY
• BRAIN — CHEMICALS
• ALTERED — BRAIN STATE
• CHARACTERISTICS — PLACEBO
• THE PERSON’S — ATTITUDE
• DOCTOR-PATIENT — RELATIONSHIP

Question 15

SELF-LIMITING — DISORDERS

Answer 15

• MANY CONDITIONS — SUCH AS
• COMMON — COLD
• THEY WILL — RESOLVE
• BY THEMSELVES — ANYWAY
• WITH — WITHOUT
• PLACEBOS — MEDICATIONS
• THE END — SYMPTOMS
• JUST A — COINCIDENCE

Question 16

REMISSION

Answer 16

• SYMPTOMS — SOME DISORDERS
• SUCH AS — MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
• LUPUS — MAY
• COME — AND GO
• A REMISSION — DURING
• COURSE OF — PLACEBOS
• MAY BE — COINCIDENCE

Question 17

CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR — PLACEBO

Answer 17

• THE PLACEBO — MAY INCREASE
• PERSON’S — MOTIVATION
• TO TAKE — BETTER CARE
• OF — THEMSELVES
• IMPROVED — DIET
• REGULAR — EXERCISE
• REST

Question 18

ALTERED PERCEPTION — PLACEBO

Answer 18

• THE PERSON’S — INTERPRETATION
• OF THEIR — SYMPTOMS
• MAY CHANGE — WITH EXPECTATION
• OF FEELING — BETTER
• THEY MAY — INTERPRET
• SHARP PAIN — UNCOMFORTABLE
• TINGLING — INSTEAD

Question 19

REDUCED ANXIETY — PLACEBO

Answer 19

• TAKING — PLACEBO
• EXPECTING — FEEL BETTER
• MAY BE — SOOTHING
• REDUCE — LEVELS
• STRESS — CHEMICALS
• THE BODY — PRODUCES
• SUCH AS — ADRENALINE

Question 20

BRAIN CHEMICALS — PLACEBO

Answer 20

• PLACEBOS — MAY TRIGGER
• RELEASED — BODY’S OWN
• NATURAL — PAIN RELIEVERS
• THE BRAIN — CHEMICALS
• KNOWN AS — ENDORPHINS

Question 21

ALTERED BRAIN STATE — PLACEBO

Answer 21

• RESEARCH — INDICATES
• THE BRAIN — RESPONDS
• AN IMAGINED — SCENE
• IN MUCH — THE SAME WAY
• AS IT RESPONDS — TO
• ACTUAL — VISUALISED SCENE
• PLACEBO — MAY HELP
• BRAIN — REMEMBER
• TIME BEFORE — ONSET
• SYMPTOMS — AND THEN
• BRING — ABOUT
• CHANGE TO — THE BODY
• THIS THEORY — IS CALLED
• REMEMBERED — WELLNESS

Question 22

PLACEBO — APPEARANCE

Answer 22

• IF THE PILL — LOOKS REAL
• THE PERSON — TAKING IT
• IS MORE — LIKELY
• TO BELIEVE — THAT IT
• CONTAINS — ACTIVE MEDICINE
• RESEARCH — SHOWS
• LARGER SIZED — PILLS
• SUGGEST — STRONGER DOSE
• THAN — SMALLER PILLS
• TAKING — TWO PILLS
• APPEARS TO — BE MORE
• PONTENT — THAN JUST 1
• GENERALLY — INJECTIONS
• MORE POWERFUL — THAN PILLS

Question 23

THE PERSON’S ATTITUDE — PLACEBO

Incompleto

Answer 23

• IF PERSON — EXPECTS
• TREATMENT — TO WORK
• THE CHANCES — ARE HIGHER
• BUT PLACEBOS — CAN
• STILL WORK — EVEN IF
• PERSON IS — SCEPTICAL
• OF SUCCESS

Question 24

RELIABILITY

Answer 24

• CONSISTENCY OF — RESULTS

Question 25

VALIDITY

Answer 25

• EFFECTIVENESS
• IN — MEASURING
• WHAT IT — WAS
• DESIGNED — TO
• MEASURE

Question 26

What type of experimental design uses each participant as his/her own control?

Answer 26

• A within-subjects — design
• exposes — each participant
• to the — treatment
• and — compares
• their — pre-test
• post-test — results
• This design — can also
• compare — the results
• of two — different
• treatments — administered

Question 27

How do researchers specifically define what variables mean?

Answer 27

• Researchers — use
• operational — definitions
• to precisely — describe
• variables — in relation
• to — their study
• for — example
• effectiveness — of studying
• can be — operationally defined
• with a — test score

Question 28

What is a single-blind procedure?

Answer 28

• research — design
• in which — the subjects
• are — unaware
• if they — are in
• control — group
• experimental — group
• demand — characteristics

Question 29

What is a double-blind procedure?

Answer 29

• research — design
• in which — neither
• the — experimenter
• nor the — subjects
• are — aware
• who’s — in the
• control — group
• experimental — group
• experimenter — bias

Question 30

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 30

• individuals — who
• are being — experimented on
• behave — differently
• than in their — everyday life

Question 31

How are quasi-experiments different from controlled experiments?

Answer 31

• Random — assignment
• is not — possible in
• quasi — experiments

Question 32

What types of research are considered quasi-experiments?

Answer 32

• Differences in — behavior between
• males — females
• various — age groups
• students in — different classes

Question 33

Define: correlational research

Answer 33

• establishes — relationship
• between — two variables
• doesn’t — determine
• cause — effect
• used to make — predictions
• and generate — future research

Question 34

List three types of correlational research

Answer 34

• naturalistic observation
• surveys
• tests

Question 35

Clinical trials (placebo)

Answer 35

• there are many — clinical trials
• where a person — who has taken
• the placebo — has reported
• an improvement — symptoms

Question 36

Define naturalistic observation as it relates to correlational research

Answer 36

• consists of — field observation
• of naturally — occurring behavior
• such as — the way
• students — behave
• in the — classroom
• there is — no
• manipulation — of variables