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Science Benchmark review Flashcards

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1
Q

In his periodic table, Mendeleev organized the elements according to increasing…

A

From left to right across each row, elements are arranged by increasing atomic mass

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2
Q

The Periodic Table is organized vertically into columns known as….

A

groups

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3
Q

A (blank) is a row in which elements are organized horizontally on the Periodic Table.

A

period

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4
Q

All elements on the left side of the periodic table are (blank) except for (blank).

A

metals; hydrogen

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5
Q

The elements on the far right-hand side of the periodic table.

A

nonmetals

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6
Q

The (blank) of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus.

A

atomic number

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7
Q

The sum of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom is the…..

A

atomic mass number

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8
Q

number of protons=

A

number of electrons

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9
Q

element

A

matter made up of only one kind of atom

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10
Q

All matter is made up of tiny particles called

A

atoms

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11
Q

proton

A

positively charged particles in the nucleus

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12
Q

electron

A

negatively charged particles in the energy levels or shell

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13
Q

neutron

A

neutral particles in the nucleus

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14
Q

Dmitiri Mendeleev

A

developed the first periodic table

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15
Q

Henry Mosley

A

developed the modern periodic table

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16
Q

periodic

A

repeating according to the pattern

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17
Q

Some physical properties used to distinguish metals, nonmetals, an metalloids

A

luster, conductivity, malleability, and ductility

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18
Q

Metals are found….

A

on the left side of the zigzag line on the periodic table

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19
Q

Metals are (blank) at room temperature except for mercury.

A

solid

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20
Q

Metals are (blank) conductors of electricity and heat.

A

good

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21
Q

Metals are (blank) and (blank)

A

ductile and malleable

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22
Q

Physical Properties: Metals

A

metallic looking with a shiny luster

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23
Q

Nonmetals are found….

A

to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table

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24
Q

Nonmetals are (blank) at room temperature

A

solid, liquid, or gas

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25
Q

Nonmetals are (blank) conductors of electricity and heat

A

poor

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26
Q

Physical Properties: Nonmetals

A

not metallic looking with a dull luster

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27
Q

Nonmetals are (blank) when solid

A

brittle

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28
Q

Metalloids are found…

A

along the zigzag line on the periodic table

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29
Q

Physical Properties: Metalloids

A

Have no set characteristics. Share properties of metals and nonmetals

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30
Q

Chemical Properties of Metals

A

reactivity and corrosion

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31
Q

Chemical property of nonmetals

A

low reactivity

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32
Q

Group 1

A

Alkali Metals

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33
Q

Physical Properties: Alkali Metals

A

All metals and solid at room temperature, soft, silvery, and easy to cut w a knife

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34
Q

Group 2

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

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35
Q

Physical Properties: Alkaline Earth Metals

A

solid at room temperature, white, and silvery

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36
Q

Chemical Properties: Alkaline Earth Metals

A

Low density, melting point, and boiling point, reactive and conduct electricity

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37
Q

Group 3-12

A

Transition Metals

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38
Q

Physical and Chemical Properties: Transition Metals

A

malleable and ductile, good conductors, high melting and boiling points, and dense

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39
Q

Group 13

A

Boron Family

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40
Q

Physical Properties: Boron Family

A

Mostly metals, solid at room temperature

41
Q

Group 14

A

Carbon Family

42
Q

Physical Properties: Carbon Family

A

Solid at room temperature, includes metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

43
Q

Group 15

A

Nitrogen Family

44
Q

Physical Properties: Nitrogen Family

A

Includes metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

45
Q

Group 16

A

Oxygen Family

46
Q

Group 17

A

Halogen Family

47
Q

Group 18

A

Noble gases

48
Q

Chemical Properties: Noble gases

A

not reactive, odorless and colorless, low boiling and melting points

49
Q

chemical bond

A

an interaction that hods atoms or ions together

50
Q

ions

A

a charged particle that forms when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses one or more electrons

51
Q

ionic compounds

A

a compound made of oppositely charged ions

52
Q

chemical formula

A

a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance

53
Q

subscript

A

a letter, figure, or symbol printed below the line

54
Q

molecule

A

the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance

55
Q

valance electron

A

electrons on the outermost energy level

56
Q

Lewis dot model

A

to represent the number of valance electrons within an element

57
Q

cation

A

positive ion

58
Q

anion

A

negative ion

59
Q

The number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares are written as superscripts are called….

A

oxidation number

60
Q

If the outer shell of an atom is mostly empty……

A

then it will give up electrons to get a full shell

61
Q

If the outer shell of an atom is mostly full…..

A

it will pick up electrons

62
Q

Ionic bond

A

forms between metals and nonmetals

63
Q

Metals transfer electrons to make nonmetals stable

A

ionic bond

64
Q

Physical properties: Ionic bond

A

crystal formation, hard, and brittle

65
Q

covalent bond

A

Forms between nonmetals

66
Q

Nonmetals form covalent bonds by sharing electrons

A

covalent bond

67
Q

Chemical and Physical Properties: Covalent

A

don’t conduct electricity, brittle

68
Q

mono

A

1

69
Q

di

A

2

70
Q

tri

A

3

71
Q

tetra

A

4

72
Q

penta

A

5

73
Q

hexa

A

6

74
Q

hepta

A

7

75
Q

octa

A

8

76
Q

nan

A

9

77
Q

deca

A

10

78
Q

polar bond

A

unequal sharing of electrons

79
Q

nonpolar bond

A

equal sharing of electrons

80
Q

A process in which at least one new substance is produced as a result of chemical change

A

chemical reaction

81
Q

short and easy way to show a chemical reaction

A

chemical equation

82
Q

coefficient

A

a number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation

83
Q

reactants

A

substances to the left

84
Q

products

A

substances to the right

85
Q

->

A

produces/yields

86
Q

+

A

plus

87
Q

(s)

A

solid

88
Q

(l)

A

liquid

89
Q

(g)

A

gas

90
Q

(dq)

A

aqueous

91
Q

synthesis

A

reaction where two or more substances combine to form another substance

92
Q

decomposition

A

reaction where one substance breaks down or decomposes into two or more simpler substances

93
Q

single replacement

A

reaction which one element replaces another in a compound

94
Q

double replacement

A

a positive ion of one compound swaps with another positive ion of another compound

95
Q

endothermic reaction

A

process or reaction that release energy energy, usually in the form of heat or light

96
Q

endothermic reaction

A

chemical reaction in which more energy i needed to break bonds

97
Q

law conservation of mass

A

any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy

98
Q

closed system

A

physical system that does not allow a transfer of matter in or out of the system

99
Q

a system in which the components and protocols and confirm standards independent of a particular supplier

A

open system

Science Flash Cards (6 decks)

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