Science and Tech.

Question 1

Reasons for High Anemic presence in India?

Answer 1

Lack of millets in the diet due to overdependence on rice and wheat.
Insufficient consumption of green and leafy vegetables.
Dominance of packaged and processed foods which are low in nutrition.

Question 2

What is SAHAYAK-NG?

Answer 2

SAHAYAK-NG is a DRDO developed Air-Droppable container with Payload capacity of 50 Kg with a GPS attached.

Question 3

Difference between Saturated and Unsaturated Fats?
What is Trans fat?
Is it Regulated by the FSSAI? If yes How?
WHO stat? WHO aims to eliminate them by?

Answer 3

1. Unsaturated Fats - Vegan and Natural, Less in calorific value & Saturated Fats - Meat and Natural but Bad.
2. Trans-Fat are half Hydrogenated Unsaturated fats which are mostly Artificially and rarely Natural to increase shelf Life. So artificial packed foods (Bad). Because of Partly Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils (PHVO).
3. FSSAI capped the amount of trans fatty acids (TFA) in oils and fats to 3% for 2021 and 2% by 2022 from the current permissible limit of 5% through an amendment to the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulation.

Yearly cause of 5.4 million deaths and To be eradicated by 2023.

Question 4

Vaccines In making:
Covidshied - Maker? Method? Approval? Distributor?
Covaxin - Maker? Distributor? Method? Approval?

Answer 4

1. Covishield has been developed by Oxford University in collaboration with Astrazeneca.
   (Serum Institute of India) - Indegenous partner.
   It uses a replication-deficient chimpanzee viral vector based on a weakened version of a common cold virus.
   which causes infections in chimpanzees and contains the genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein.
2. Covaxin is developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the ICMR & NIV.
   It is an inactivated vaccine which is developed by inactivating (killing) the live micro-organisims that cause the disease.
   This destroys the ability of the pathogen to replicate, but keeps it intact so that the immune system can still recognise it and produce an immune response.

Question 5

What is Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems & Services (ACROSS).

Answer 5

Under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
This scheme will provide improved weather, climate and ocean forecast and services, thereby ensuring transfer of commensurate benefits to the various services.

Question 6

How does a nuclear Centrifuge work?

Answer 6

A nuclear centrifuge will have Uranium Hexafluoride gas pumped into a high speed rotating container which will deposit the U-238 in the bottom and sperate the U-235 over the top thus enriching the amount in successive Quantities.

Question 7

Detail about the Influenza A virus?
Basis of sub-division of viruses?
Threat is poses? Prevention?

Answer 7

Influenza A is a genus of Viruses which contain Hemagglutinin(HA) and Neuraminidase(NA). Based on HA1-18 and NA1-11 we have different combinations of sub-divisions. Written as H5N8 etc.,

Also they can cause a pandemic if they mutate to a human host. Therefore they prevent them by Culling the animals.

Question 8

What is Flue Gas Desulphurization?

How is that performed? Methods?

Answer 8

In all thermal power plants have been given a deadline of 2017 which was extended to 2022 on various regions in a varied manner. The target is to bring a natural ambient air Quality.

1. Wet scrubbing using a slurry of alkaline sorbent, usually limestone or lime, or seawater to scrub gases;
2. Spray-dry scrubbing using similar sorbent slurries;
3. Wet sulfuric acid process recovering sulfur in the form of commercial quality sulfuric acid;
4. SNOX Flue gas desulfurization removes sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates from flue gases;
5. Dry sorbent injection systems that introduce powdered hydrated lime (or other sorbent material) into exhaust ducts to eliminate SO2 and SO3 from process emissions.

Question 9

Explain the aims and Objectives behind the Draft Science and technology Policy?

Answer 9

Objectives - Top three science Centers, Bottom-up, Experts Driven, Decentralized, Evidence-Informed.
Double - Private and Gross domestic Expenditure on R&D and also the number of Full-time Researchers.

Proposal:
Open Science Framework - Accessible to every citizen.
One nation, One subscription - All journal Access
Modification or waiver of General Financial Rules for Mission mode projects.