SCIENCE AND TECH Flashcards
WHAT IS SPADEX MISSION?
THE MISSION, CALLED SPACE DOCKING EXPERIMENT (SpaDeX), WOULD MAKE INDIA THE FOURTH COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO ACHIEVE A FEAT ESSENTIAL FOR EXPANDING FUTURE DEEP SPACE EXPLORATORY MISSIONS. THE SpaDeX MISSION IS DESIGNED TO DEMONSTRATE SPACE DOCKING.
WHAT IS SPACE DOCKING?
- A PROCESS BY WHICH TWO FAST MOVING SATELLITES OR SPACECRAFT ARE BROUGHT INTO THE SAME ORBIT, BROUGHT CLOSER TOGETHER, ALIGNED AUTONOMOUSLY OR MANUALLY, AND FINALLY JOINED.
- THIS CAPABILITY IS NECESSARY FOR CARRYING OUT MISSIONS THAT REQUIRE BIGGER PAYLOADS THAT A SINGLE LAUNCH CANNOT CARRY.
- THE FIRST ACTUAL INDIAN MISSION REQUIRING THE DOCKING CAPABILITY IS LIKELY TO BE CHANDRAYAAN-4, WHICH IS SUPPOSED TO BRING LUNAR SAMPLES BACK TO EARTH.
- DOCKING WILL ALSO BE REQUIRED FOR SETTING UP THE BHARATIYA ANTARIKSH STATION.
WHAT IS PHOS-CHEK?
FIRE RETARDANT IS A MIX OF CHEMICALS USED TO EXTINGUISH OR SLOW THE SPREAD OF FIRES. TO TACKLE WILDFIRES IN USA, AUTHORITIES COMMONLY USE A BRAND KNOWN AS PHOS-CHEK, WHICH MOSTLY CONTAIN AN AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE BASED SLURRY. SALTS LIKE AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE DO NOT EVAPORATE EASILY LIKE WATER, AND STAY FOR LONGER. PHOS-CHEK IS PINK IN COLOUR.
STEPS TO HANDLE WASTE?
- INCINERATION
- QUENCHING
- LANDFILL
INCINERATION PROCESS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT?
WASTE IS INCINERATED IN TWIN CHAMBERS AT TWO TEMPERATURES TO ENSURE THAT HARMFUL SUBSTANCES ARE DESTROYED. THE FIRST CHAMBER HAS A TEMPERATURE OF 800-850 DEGREE CELSIUS AND THE SECOND BETWEEN 1,050 DEGREE CELSIUS AND 1200 DEGREE CELSIUS.
QUENCHING PROCESS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT?
AFTER INCINERATION, THE REMAINING POLLUTANTS AND GASES ARE SPRAYED WITH WATER MIXED WITH OTHER AGENTS TO CONTROL EMISSIONS. WHEN THE WASTE COMBUSTION HAPPENS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES, IT WILL LEAD TO FORMATION OF FLUE GASES (EXHAUST GAS). THESE MUST BE CONTROLLED BY QUENCHING.
LANDFILL PROCESS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT?
ASH RESIDUE WILL BE BURIED IN SEALED CONTAINERS IN A LANDFILL IN A DOUBLE LINED, DOUBLE MEMBRANE AREA INSIDE DISPOSAL FACILITY.
WHAT ARE FOUR V’s FOR BIG DATA?
- VELOCITY
- VOLUME
- VARIETY
- VERACITY.
USA’S DOCKING EXPERIMENT?
- NASA’S GEMINI 8 WAS THE 1ST SPACECRAFT TO DOCK WITH THE TARGET VEHICLE AGENA.
- 1966
- WAS A CREWED MISSION COMMANDED BY NEIL ARMSTRONG.
USSR DOCKING EXPERIMENT?
- DOCKING OF KOSMOS 186 & KOSMOS 188 SPACECRAFT.
- 1967
- UNCREWED.
CHINA’S DOCKING EXPERIMENT?
- 2011 UNMANNED SHENZHOU 8 SPACECRAFT DOCKED WITH TIANGONG 1 SPACE LABORATORY.
- 2012 CHINA’S 1ST CREWED SPACE DOCKING– ASTRONAUTS MANUALLY JOINED ITS SHENZHOU 9 SPACECRAFT TO THE SAME SPACE LABORATORY.
INDIA’S SPACE DOCKING EXPERIMENT?
SDX01 OR THE CHASER SDX02 THE TARGET SATELLITE.
UNIQUE HABIT OF SPOTTED DEER (CHITAL) OR AXIS AXIS?
EXHIBIT PLACENTOPHAGY (EATING PLACENTA), A RARE BEHAVIOR AMONG HERBIVORES, AIDING IN PREDATOR AVOIDANCE BY ELIMINATING SCENT TRACES.
ANEMIA MUKT BHARAT 6X6X6 STRATEGY?
6 BENEFICIARIES, 6 INTERVENTIONS AND 6 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS.
BENEFICIARIES UNDER ANEMIA MUKT BHARAT 6X6X6 STRATEGY?
- CHILDREN, 6–59 MONTHS OF AGE.
- CHILDREN, 5–9 YEARS OF AGE.
- ADOLESCENT GIRLS AND BOYS (10–19 YEARS OF AGE).
- WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE (20–24 YEARS OF AGE).
- PREGNANT WOMEN.
- LACTATING MOTHERS (OF 0–6 MONTHS CHILD).
INTERVENTIONS UNDER ANEMIA MUKT BHARAT 6X6X6 STRATEGY?
- PROPHYLACTIC IRON FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION.
- DEWORMING.
- INTENSIFIED YEAR ROUND BEHAVIOUR CHANGE COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGN (SOLID BODY, SMART MIND) INCLUDING ENSURING DELAYED CORD CLAMPING.
- TESTING OF ANEMIA USING DIGITAL METHODS AND POINT CARE TREATMENT.
- MANDATORY PROVISION OF IRON FOLIC ACID FORTIFIED FOODS IN PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMMES.
- ADDRESSING NON NUTRITIONAL CAUSES OF ANEMIA IN ENDEMIC POCKETS, WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON MALARIA, HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES AND FLUOROSIS.
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS UNDER ANEMIA MUKT BHARAT 6X6X6 STRATEGY?
- NATIONAL ANEMIA MUKT BHARAT UNIT.
- INTRA MINISTERIAL COORDINATION.
- STRENGTHENING SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGISTICS.
- CONVERGENCE WITH OTHER MINISTRIES.
- NATIONAL CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE AND ADVANCED RESEARCH ON ANEMIA CONTROL.
- ANEMIA MUKT BHARAT DASHBOARD AND DIGITAL PORTAL– ONE STOP SHOP FOR ANEMIA.
WHAT IS A PLANET PARADE?
- A PLANET PARADE OCCURS WHEN MULTIPLE PLANETS ARE VISIBLE IN THE NIGHT SKY SIMULTANEOUSLY.
- CURRENTLY, SIX PLANETS VENUS, SATURN, JUPITER, MARS, URANUS, AND NEPTUNE ARE VISIBLE IN THE NIGHT SKY, FORMING A CELESTIAL ARC KNOWN AS A PLANET PARADE.
WHICH PLANETS CAN BE SEEN WITH NAKED EYES?
- MERCURY
- VENUS
- MARS
- SATURN
- JUPITER
WHAT IS DARK OXYGEN?
REFERS TO OXYGEN BEING PROCESSED DEEP BELOW THE OCEAN SURFACE WITHOUT SUNLIGHT OR PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
DISCOVERY OF DARK OXYGEN?
IN JULY 2024, SCIENTISTS IDENTIFIED DARK OXYGEN AT A DEPTH OF 13,100 FEET IN THE CLARION CLIPPERTON ZONE OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.
MECHANISM OF DARK OXYGEN PRODUCTION?
- METALLIC NODULES RICH IN MANGANESE AND IRON ON THE SEAFLOOR WERE FOUND TO GENERATE OXYGEN.
- OXYGEN PRODUCTION OCCURS THROUGH ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY BY SPLITTING SEAWATER (H2O MOLECULES) INTO HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN, EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF LIGHT.
SIGNIFICANCE OF DARK OXYGEN?
- CHALLENGES THE BELIEF THAT PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS THE SOLE SOURCE OF OXYGEN.
- SUGGESTS THE POSSIBILITY OF OXYGEN RICH ENVIRONMENTS EXISTING ON THE OTHER PLANETS, POTENTIALLY SUPPORTING EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE.
- INDICATES THAT OXYGEN PRODUCTION ON EARTH MAY HAVE PREDATED PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESHAPING THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGINS OF LIFE.
WHAT IS WAIST TO HIP RATIO?
- MEASURE THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF YOUR WAIST AT ITS NARROWEST POINT, USUALLY NEAR YOUR BELLY BUTTON.
- MEASURE THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF YOUR HIPS AT THEIR WIDEST POINT.
- DIVIDE YOUR WAIST MEASUREMENT BY YOUR HIP MEASUREMENT. A FIGURE OF 0.8 IS CONSIDERED NORMAL FOR WOMEN, 0.9 OR LOWER FOR MEN.
LOCATION OF ROOPPUR NUCLEAR POWER PROJECT?
- IT IS BANGLADESH’S FIRST NUCLEAR POWER PLANT LOCATED ON THE BANK OF THE RIVER PADMA.
- IT IS THE 1ST COLLABORATION UNDER AN INDO RUSSIAN AGREEMENT FOR NUCLEAR PROJECTS IN THIRD COUNTRIES.
WHY INDIA CANNOT DIRECTLY CONSTRUCT NUCLEAR REACTORS?
SINCE INDIA IS NOT A MEMBER OF THE NUCLEAR SUPPLIERS GROUP (NSG), IT CANNOT DIRECTLY CONSTRUCT NUCLEAR REACTORS.
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME?
CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI.
TREATMENT OF GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME?
- PLASMA EXCHANGE (PLASMAPHERESIS): PLASMA EXCHANGE FILTERS OUT THE ANTIBODIES IN YOUR PLASMA THAT ARE ATTACKING YOUR NERVES.
- INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN THERAPY (IVIG): IT INVOLVES INTRAVENOUS (IV) INJECTIONS OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS TO ATTACK INVADING ORGANISMS.
WHAT IS A EURODRONE PROGRAMME?
THE EURODRONE IS A REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM (RPAS).
COUNTRIES IN EURODRONE PROGRAMME?
- FRANCE (FIGS)
- ITALY
- GERMANY
- SPAIN
ANOTHER NAME FOR EURODRONE PROGRAMME?
INDIA HAS RECENTLY JOINED THE MEDIUM ALTITUDE LONG ENDURANCE REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM (MALE RPAS), COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE EURODRONE PROGRAMME, AS AN OBSERVER STATE.
EURODRONE PROGRAMME IS MANAGED BY?
THE ORGANIZATION FOR JOINT ARMAMENT COOPERATION.
PARAQUAT IS ALSO KNOWN AS?
PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE OR METHYL VIOLOGEN.
WHAT IS DEEPSEEK?
DEEPSEEK IS THE NAME OF A FREE AI-POWERED CHINESE CHATBOT, WHICH LOOKS, FEELS AND WORKS VERY MUCH LIKE CHATGPT.
WHICH COUNTRY RECENTLY HAS BEEN CERTIFIED MALARIA FREE BY THE WHO?
GEORGIA.
CRITERIA TO GET MALARIA FREE CERTIFICATION?
WHO GRANTS MALARIA FREE CERTIFICATION WHEN A COUNTRY PROVES THAT INDIGENOUS TRANSMISSION HAS BEEN INTERRUPTED NATIONWIDE FOR ATLEAST THREE CONSECUTIVE YEARS.
SUZETRIZINE WAS IN NEWS RECENTLY. WHAT IS IT?
- A NON OPIOID PAIN KILLER SOLD UNDER BRAND NAME JOURNAVX.
- UNLIKE OPIOIDS, WHICH NUMB THE SENSATION OF PAIN IN THE BRAIN, SUZETRIZINE WORKS BY TARGETING PAIN SIGNALS BEFORE THEY REACH THE BRAIN.
- IT DOES NOT PRODUCE ANY SENSATION OF PLEASURE OR EUPHORIA.
WHY COFFEE TASTES BITTER?
- DUE TO CAFFEINE.
- DUE TO MOZAMBIOSIDE (SUBSTANCE IN ARABICA BEANS, KNOWN TO TASTE ABOUT 10 TIMES MORE BITTER THAN CAFFEINE).
IT ACTIVATES TWO OF THE ROUGHLY 25 BITTER TASTE RECEPTORS IN THE HUMAN BODY- NAMELY, THE TAS2R43, TAS2R46 RECEPTORS.
NAME OF MEDIUM STAPLE COTTON AND EXTRA LONG STAPLE COTTON?
- GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM (CONSTITUTES ROUGHLY 96% OF THE COTTON GROWN IN INDIA, FALLS IN THE MEDIUM STAPLE CATEGORY).
- GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE, COMMONLY KNOWN AS EGYPTIAN OR PIMA COTTON.
WHAT IS 2024 YR4?
ASTERIOD THAT HAS ROUGHLY 1% CHANCE OF CRASHING INTO EARTH IN 2032. IT WAS DISCOVERED BY THE ASTEROID TERRESTRIAL IMPACT ALERT SYSTEM (ATLAS) TELESCOPE IN CHILE.
WHAT IS TORINO SCALE?
THE TORINO SCALE IS A RATING SYSTEM THAT HELPS ASTRONOMERS AND THE PUBLIC UNDERSTAND THE RISK OF A NEAR-EARTH OBJECT (NEO) COLLIDING WITH EARTH. THE SCALE IS USED TO CATEGORIZE THE LIKELIHOOD AND CONSEQUENCES OF A POTENTIAL IMPACT.
RATING OF 2024 YR4 ON TORINO SCALE?
3 OUT OF 10.
ASTERIOD THAT HIT RUSSIA IN 2013?
CHELYABINSK ASTEROID.
ASTEROID THAT KILLED THE DINOSAURS?
CHICXULUB.
WHAT IS ZAP X?
ZAP X IS A HIGHLY PRECISE CANCER TREATMENT MACHINE, WHICH IS MOST SUITED FOR TREATING FUNCTIONAL LESIONS OF THE BRAIN, BESIDES BENIGN TUMOURS, METASTATIC TUMOURS AND UPPER PART OF THE SPINE.
INDIA STRENGTHENS BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION WITH THREE MAJOR INITIATIVES THAT ARE?
- DEDICATION OF INDIA’S FIRST FERRET RESEARCH FACILITY.
- LAUNCH OF GARBHINI-DRISHTI, A MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH DATA REPOSITORY.
- EXECUTION OF A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENT BETWEEN THSTI AND SUNDYOTA NUMANDIS PROBIOCEUTICALS Pvt. Ltd.
GARBH-INi-DRISHTI DATA REPOSITORY HAS BEEN LAUNCHED BY?
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY.
GARBH-INi PROGRAMME IS AN INITIATIVE UNDER?
- DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY OF THE UNION MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AS A COLLABORATIVE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAMME.
- PROMOTES MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH AND DEVELOPS PREDICTION TOOLS FOR PRETERM BIRTH.
GARBH-INi PROGRAMME IS LED BY?
TRANSLATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE (THSTI), NCR BIOTECH CLUSTER, FARIDABAD.
THE ‘SMILE’ PROGRAMME WHICH STANDS FOR STRENGTHENING MULTIMODAL AND INTEGRATED LOGISTICS ECOSYSTEM PROGRAMME WAS SIGNED BY?
THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB), WITH A $350 MILLION POLICY BASED LOAN AGREEMENT TO SUPPORT REFORMS IN INDIA’S LOGISTICS SECTOR.
WHAT IS BIO BITUMEN?
- ALSO KNOWN AS BIO ASPHALT; BIO-BITUMEN IS A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL FOSSIL FUEL BASED BITUMEN.
- IT IS A PETROLEUM FREE MANUFACTURED FROM ORGANIC MATERIALS SUCH AS BIO CHAR, BIO OIL, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES.
WHAT IS ANALEMMA?
‘ANALEMMA’ IS THE FIGURE EIGHT PATTERN MADE BY THE SUN IN THE SKY OVER THE COURSE OF A YEAR, GENERATED BY A COMBINATION OF EARTH’S TILT AND ITS ELLIPTICAL ORBIT.
A POLAR SUNDIAL HAS BEEN DESIGNED BY THE VIKRAM SARABHAI SPACE CENTRE (VSSC) AND IS PUT ON FOR A PUBLIC DISPLAY IN THE ‘ROCKET GARDEN’ OF ITS SPACE MUSEUM AT___________.
THUMBA, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, KERALA.
COLOURS OF ANALEMMA CURVE?
BLUE IS USED FROM DECEMBER TO JUNE.
RED IS USED FOR JUNE TO DECEMBER.
WORLD’S FIRST QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE?
MICIUS, LAUNCHED BY CHINA IN 2016.
DINGA DINGA WAS IN NEWS RECENTLY WHAT IS IT?
DINGA DINGA IS A MYSTERIOUS DISEASE THAT SPREAD IN THE BUNDIBUGYO DISTRICT OF UGANDA . THIS DISEASE MAINLY AFFECTS WOMEN AND GIRLS. IN THIS DISEASE, THERE IS UNCONTROLLABLE TREMOR IN THE BODY AND DIFFICULTY IN WALKING.
IRIS² (INFRASTRUCTURE FOR RESILIENCE, INTERCONNECTIVITY, AND SECURITY BY SATELLITE) IS DEVELOPED BY?
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA) IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE SPACERISE CONSORTIUM.
WHAT IS A COMET?
COMET ARE SMALL ICY DIRTBALLS THAT ORBIT THE SUN. (COMETS ARE MADE OF ICE AND DUST WHILE ASTEROIDS ARE MADE OF ROCK).
WHAT ARE METEORS?
A METEOR IS A SPACE ROCK OR METEROID– THAT ENTERS EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE, AS IT BURNS UP UPON ENTERING EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE, CREATING A STREAK OF LIGHT IN THE SKY (OFTEN CALLED “SHOOTING STARS”). WHEN EARTH ENCOUNTERS MANY METEROIDS AT ONCE, WE CALL IT A METEOR SHOWER.
WHAT IS A METEORITE?
IF A METEROID SURVIVES IT’S TRIP THROUGH EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE AND LANDS ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE, IT IS CALLED A METEORITE.
WHAT IS DOOMSCROLLING?
IT IS AN ACT OF SPENDING A LOT OF TIME ON SOCIAL MEDIA TO CONSUME MORE NEGATIVE NEWS.
WHAT IS POTASH?
POTASH IS AN IMPURE COMBINATION OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE AND POTASSIUM SALTS.
PRINCIPAL ORE OF POTASH?
SYLVINITE.
COMMON TYPE OF POTASH FERTILIZERS?
- SULPHATE OF POTASH (SOP): PREMIUM, CHLORIDE FREE FERTILIZER USED FOR HIGH VALUE CROPS LIKE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.
- MURIATE OF POTASH (MOP): CONTAINS CHLORIDE, COMMONLY USED FOR CARBOHYDRATE CROPS SUCH AS WHEAT.
_________ STATE CONTRIBUTES 89% OF THE TOTAL POTASH RESERVES IN INDIA.
RAJASTHAN.
WORLD’S FIRST BIOLUMPIVAXIN FOR LUMPY SKIN DISEASE (LSD) HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY?
BHARAT BIOTECH IN COLLABORATION WITH THE INDIAN COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH (ICAR). DEVELOPED BY BIOVET WHICH IS A BHARAT BIOTECH GROUP FIRM.
BIOLUMPIVAXIN IS THE WORLD’S 1ST DIVA MARKER VACCINE FOR LUMPY SKIN DISEASE. WHAT DOES DIVA MEANS?
- DIVA STANDS FOR DIFFERENTIATING INFECTED FROM VACCINATED ANIMALS.
- DIVA TECHNOLOGY ENABLES DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN NATURALLY INFECTED AND VACCINATED ANIMALS, AIDING IN DISEASE SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL PROGRAMS.
WHAT IS JUNO MISSION?
NASA’s JUNO MISSION IS A SPACE PROBE TO JUPITER THAT’S STUDYING THE PLANET’S COMPOSITION, MAGNETIC FIELD, AND ATMOSPHERE. THE MISSION’S GOAL IS TO UNDERSTAND HOW JUPITER FORMED AND HOW IT CONTRIBUTED TO THE FORMATION OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.
GALILEAN SATELLITES?
- GANYMEDE
- CALLISTO
- EUROPA
- IO
- THESE FOUR MOONS OF JUPITER ARE KNOWN AS GALILEAN SATELLITES BECAUSE THEY WERE FIRST DISCOVERED BY GALILEO GALILIE IN 1960.
REASON FOR IO’S VOLCANIC ACTIVITY?
- ELLIPTICAL ORBIT: IO’S ORBIT AROUND JUPITER IS NOT CIRCULAR WHICH CAUSES CHANGES IN GRAVITATIONAL FORCES.
- GRAVITATIONAL HEATING: IO IS PULLED BY THE STRONG GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF JUPITER AND ITS MOONS.
- TIDAL FLEXING: THIS PULL STRETCHES AND BENDS IO WHICH CAUSES IT TO HEAT UP INSIDE.
- INTERNAL HEATING: RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS INSIDE IO ALSO RELEASE HEAT DUE TO WHICH, MELT ROCKS.
AFRICAN SWINE FEVER OUTBREAK REPORTED RECENTLY IN INDIA IN STATE OF?
KOTTAYAM DISTRICT, KERALA.
AFRICAN SWINE FEVER TRANSMISSION?
IT AFFECTS ONLY PIGS AND WILD BOARS BUT IS NOT TRANSMISSIBLE TO HUMANS. THUS IT IS NOT A ZOONOTIC DISEASE.
AFRICAN SWINE FEVER TREATMENT?
NO AVAILABLE VACCINE OR TREATMENT, MAKING CULLING AN ESSENTIAL CONTROL MEASURE.
WHAT IS MATSYA 6000?
MATSYA 6000 IS INDIA’S 1ST MANNED SUBMERSIBLE FOR EXPLORATION OF THE OCEAN WITH OPERATIONAL DEPTH CAPACITY OF 6,000 METRES BELOW SEA LEVEL.
MATSYA 6000 IS DEVELOPED BY?
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEAN TECHNOLOGY (NIOT), CHENNAI UNDER SAMUDRAYAAN MISSION AS A COMPONENT OF DEEP OCEAN MISSION OF THE MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES (MoES).
DEEP OCEAN MISSION IS IMPLEMENTED BY?
THE MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES (MoES).
9 MISSIONS UNDER THE PRIME MINISTER’S SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION ADVISORY COUNCIL (PMSTIAC)?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
- NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY MISSION
- BIO SCIENCE FOR HUMAN HEALTH
- DEEP OCEAN EXPLORATION
- ELECTRIC VEHICLE MISSION
- WASTE TO WEALTH MISSION
- AGNIi (ACCELERATING GROWTH OF NEW INDIA’S INNOVATIONS)
- NATURAL LANGUAGE TRANSLATION
- QUANTUM FRONTIER.
SUDAN VIRUS DISEASE RECENTLY HAD OUTBREAK IN?
UGANDA. IT IS AN ENZOOTIC VIRUS PRESENT IN ANIMAL RESERVOIRS IN AFFECTED REGIONS.
WHAT IS AN EINSTEIN RING?
- AN EINSTEIN RING IS A RING OF LIGHT THAT MAY FORM AROUND DARK MATTER, A GALAXY, OR A CLUSTER OF GALAXIES.
- IT IS ESSENTIALLY AN EXAMPLE OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING, A PHENOMENON WHICH OCCURS WHEN A MASSIVE CELESTIAL BODY CREATES A GRAVITATIONAL FIELD WHICH DISTORTS AND AMPLIFIES THE LIGHT FROM DISTANT GALAXIES THAT ARE BEHIND IT BUT IN THE SAME LINE OF SIGHT.
- THE BODY CAUSING THE LIGHT TO CURVE IS CALLED A GRAVITATIONAL LENS.
WHAT IS A SRJANAM RIG?
SRJANAM IS AN AUTOMATED, ECO FRIENDLY BIOMEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT RIG DESIGNED TO DISINFECT PATHOGENIC MEDICAL WASTE WITHOUT INCINERATION.
SRJANAM RIG IS DEVELOPED BY?
CSIR-NIIST (NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY), THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.
MINISTRY FOR SRJANAM RIG?
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
SRJANAM RIG PROJECT IMPLEMENTED BY?
AIIMS IN COLLABORATION WITH CSIR.
WHAT IS FOXP2 AND NOVA1?
- THEY BOTH ARE HUMAN LANGUAGE GENES.
- BUT THOUGH FOXP2 IS INVOLVED IN LANGUAGE, IT TURNED OUT THAT THE VARIANT IN MODERN HUMANS WASN’T UNIQUE TO US. LATER RESEARCH FOUND IT WAS SHARED WITH NEANDERTHALS.
- THE NOVA1 VARIANT IN MODERN HUMANS, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS FOUND EXCLUSIVELY IN OUR SPECIES.
PROJECT WATERWORTH?
THE PROJECT WILL USE AI TO ENHANCE SUBSEA CABLE INFRASTRUCTURE TO STRENGTHEN THE SCALE AND RELIABILITY OF THE WORLD’S DIGITAL HIGHWAYS.
PROJECT WATERWORTH WILL CONNECT?
- US, INDIA, BRAZIL, SOUTH AFRICA, AUSTRALIA AND OTHER KEY REGIONS.
WORLD AUDIO VISUAL ENTERTAINMENT SUMMIT (WAVES) IS INITIATED BY?
INTERACTIVE ENTERTAINMENT AND INNOVATION COUNCIL (IEIC) WITH THE MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING (MIB).
WORLD’S FIRST CARBON-14 DIAMOND BATTERY IS BUILT BY?
RESEARCHES FROM UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL AND THE UK ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY (UKAEA) HAVE DEVELOPED THE WORLD’S FIRST CARBON 14 DIAMOND BATTERY, CAPABLE OF POWERING DEVICES FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
BATTERY MECHANISM OF CARBON-14 DIAMOND BATTERY?
THE BATTERY OPERATES BY UTILIZING THE RADIOACTIVE DECAY OF CARBON 14, AN UNSTABLE ISOTOPE OF CARBON WITH A HALF LIFE OF 5700 YEARS, ENSURING A LONG OPERATIONAL LIFESPAN.
WHAT IS WILLOW CHIP?
WILLOW CHIP IS GOOGLE’S NEXT GENERATION QUANTUM COMPUTING CHIP, REPRESENTING A SIGNIFICANT STEP TOWARD BUILDING PRACTICAL COMPUTERS.
INDIA IS SET TO FINALIZE A LANDMARK USD 4 BILLION DEFENCE DEAL WITH _______ TO ACQUIRE THE ADVANCED VORONEZH SERIES RADAR SYSTEM.
RUSSIA.
VORONEZH RADAR SYSTEM IS CAPABLE OF DETECTING AND TRACKING BALLISTIC MISSILES AND AIRCRAFT AT DISTANCES OF UP TO ________.
8000 Km.
WHAT IS CERVAVAC?
- CERVAVAC IS INDIA’S FIRST INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED QUADRIVALENT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (qHPV) VACCINE DESIGNED TO PREVENT CERVICAL CANCER.
- IT IS BASED ON VLP (VIRUS LIKE PARTICLES).
CERVAVAC IS DEVELOPED BY?
THE SERUM INSTITUTE OF INDIA IN COLLABORATION WITH THE GOVERMENT OF INDIA’S DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY.
SUBABUL ROLE IN DIABETES TYPE 2?
RESEARCHERS ISOLATED QUERCITIN 3 GLUCOSIDE, A COMPOUND DEMONSTRATING UPREGULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DEACETYLASE ENZYME SIRTUIN 1 (SIRT1), CRUCIAL FOR REGULATING INSULIN SENSITIVITY.
INDIA RECENTLY SIGNED MH-60R HELICOPTER DEAL WITH?
USA.
WHAT IS AXIOM MISSION 4 (Ax-4)?
THE AXIOM-4 MISSION IS A PRIVATE SPACEFLIGHT TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) THAT IS SIGNIFICANT STEP IN THE SPACE COOPERATION BETWEEN INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES.
WHAT IS ASPERGER’S SYNDROME?
- IT IS A TYPE OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DEVELOPMENT DISORDER (ASD) THAT AFFECTS HOW PEOPLE INTERACT WITH OTHERS, UNDERSTAND THE WORLD, AND BEHAVE.
- IT IS ALSO SOMETIMES CALLED HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM.
RECENTLY LAKE ERIE WAS IN NEWS. WHY?
RESEARCHES HAS SHOWN THAT TOXINS FROM THESE BACTERIA CALLED MICROCYSTIN CAN MAKE ANIMALS AND PEOPLE SICK WHEN THEY COME INTO CONTACT WITH INFECTED WATER OF LAKE ERIE.
WHAT ARE MICROCYSTIN?
- MICROCYSTIN REPRESENT A GROUP OF POTENT NATURAL WATER CONTAMINANTS.
- MICROCYSTINS THAT RESULT FROM THE BLOOMING OF TOXIGENIC CYANOBACTERIA ARE KNOWN TO CAUSE SEVERE POISONING EPISODES IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS WHEN PRESENT IN DRINKING WATER IN SUFFICIENTLY HIGH CONCENTRATION.
- SO FAR, MORE THAN 60 MICROCYSTINS HAVE BEEN CHARACTERIZED, ALL OF WHICH ARE HEPATOTOXIC CYCLIC PEPTIDES. IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR POISONINGS OF LIVESTOCK AND HUMANS.
IT CAN PRODUCE POTENT LIVER TOXINS AND POSSIBLE HUMAN CARCINOGEN. - MICROCYSTINS INHIBIT THE ACTIVITIES OF PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1 AND PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-2A.
HIV IS MOST PREVALENT IN WHICH STATE OF INDIA?
MIZORAM.
IL-35 WAS IN NEWS. WHAT IS IT?
IL-35 IS A UNIQUE PROTEIN COMPOSED OF TWO SPECIFIC CHAINS, IL 12 ALPHA AND IL-27 BETA, WITH PROMISING POTENTIAL IN IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR TYPE 1 AND AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES.
RAMAN EFFECT?
- REFERS TO THE PHENOMENON OF A CHANGE IN THE WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT AS IT IS SCATTERED BY MOLECULES, RESULTING IN SHIFTS IN ENERGY LEVELS.
- RAMAN EFFECT IS A PHENOMENON WHEN A STREAM OF LIGHT PASSES THROUGH A LIQUID, A FRACTION OF SCATTERED BY LIQUID IS OF A DIFFERENT COLOUR.
WHAT IS OZEMPIC?
- OZEMPIC IS A PRESCRIPTION INJECTABLE DRUG KNOWN GENERALLY AS SEMAGLUTIDE.
- IT MIMICS THE HORMONE GLP-1, WHICH HELPS REGULATE BLOOD SUGAR BY STIMULATING INSULIN RELEASE AND SLOWING GLUCOSE RELEASE FROM THE LIVER.
WHAT IS ALLULOSE?
A LOW CALORIE SWEETENER FOUND NATURALLY IN FRUITS LIKE FIGS AND KIWIS; CHEMICALLY SIMILAR TO SUGAR BUT WITH 70% OF ITS SWEETNESS AND ALMOST ZERO CALORIES.
WHAT IS AGRIVOLTAIC FARMING?
- AGRIVOLTAIC FARMING IS THE SIMULTANEOUS USE OF LAND FOR BOTH AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION.
- CONCEPT:- THIS SYSTEM ALLOWS SOLAR PANELS TO BE INSTALLED ABOVE OR NEAR CROPS, ENABLING EFFICIENT LAND USE BY GENERATING RENEWABLE ENERGY WHILE CONTINUING CROP CULTIVATION ON THE SAME LAND.
WHAT IS LIGNOSAT?
- THE WORLD’S 1ST WOODEN SATELLITE WAS LAUNCHED INTO SPACE BY JAPAN IN AN EARLY TEST BY USING TIMBER IN LUNAR AND MARS EXPLORATION.
- THE SATELLITE IS NAMED AFTER THE LATIN WORD FOR “WOOD”.
LIGNOSAT IS BUILT BY?
DEVELOPED BY KYOTO UNIVERSITY AND HOMEBUILDER SUMITOMO FORESTRY (1911.T).
MATERIAL USED TO BUILT LIGNOSAT?
IT IS MADE OF HONOKI, HONOKI IS A KIND OF MAGNOLIA TREE NATIVE TO JAPAN.
MISSION OF LIGNOSAT?
THE SATELLITE WILL BE FLOWN TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION ON A SPACEX MISSION AND LATER RELEASED INTO ORBIT ABOUT 400 Km (250 miles) ABOVE THE EARTH. LIGNOSAT WILL STAY IN ORBIT FOR 6 MONTHS.
PURPOSE OF LIGNOSAT?
- LIGNOSAT WILL DEMONSTRATE THE COSMIC POTENTIAL OF WOOD AS A SPACE GRADE MATERIAL AS HUMANS EXPLORE LIVING IN SPACE.
- THE SATELLITE IS A NASA CERTIFIED WOODEN SATELLITE.
LIGNOSAT MISSION OBJECTIVE?
- ENDURANCE STRENGTH:- TO MEASURE WOOD’S ABILITY TO ENDURE THE EXTREME ENVIRONMENT OF SPACE WITH TEMPERATURES FLUCTUATING FROM -100 TO 100 DEGREES CELSIUS EVERY 45 MINUTE.
- IMPACT OF RADIATION: IT WILL ALSO MEASURE WOOD’S ABILITY TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF SPACE RADIATION ON SEMICONDUCTORS, MAKING IT USEFUL FOR APPLICATIONS SUCH AS DATA CENTRE CONSTRUCTION.
INDIA’S DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION (DRDO) SUCCESSFULLY CONDUCTED THE FIRST FLIGHT TEST OF THE LONG RANGE LAND ATTACK CRUISE MISSILE (LRLACM). IT IS DEVELOPED BY?
THE AERONAUTICAL DEVELOPMENT ESTABLISHMENT (ADE), BENGALURU.
WHAT IS SPHEREx?
- SPECTRO PHOTOMETER FOR THE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE, EPOCH OF REIONIZATION, AND ICES EXPLORER (SPHEREx).
- ONE OF THE PRIMARY AIMS OF SPHEREx IS TO MEASURE SOMETHING CALLED COSMIC INFLATION.
SPHEREx WILL USE SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGES TO MEASURE 3D POSITIONS OF ABOUT 450 MILLION GALAXIES ACROSS COSMIC HISTORY- WHICH ALLOW SCIENTISTS TO CREATE A PICTURE OF THE COSMOS IN BOTH POSITION AND TIME. - SPHEREx WILL IDENTIFY WATER AND LIFE FORMING MOLECULES, ALSO KNOWN AS BIOGENIC MOLECULES (SUCH AS CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN), IN THE MILKY WAY GALAXY, WHERE THE EARTH IS LOCATED.
WHAT IS DIRECT TO DEVICE SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY?
- DIRECT TO DEVICE SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY IS A CONNECTIVITY SOLUTION THAT ALLOWS DEVICES TO DIRECTLY COMMUNICATE WITH SATELLITES IN ORBIT, BYPASSING TRADITIONAL GROUND BASED CELLULAR TOWERS.
- THIS TECHNOLOGY PROVIDES NETWORK COVERAGE IN AREAS WHERE CELLULAR OR WI-FI NETWORKS ARE UNAVAILABLE, ENSURING CONNECTIVITY IN REMOTE OR UNDERSERVED REGIONS.
HOW DIRECT TO DEVICE SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY WORKS?
- SATELLITE SIGNAL TRANSMISSION: DEVICES ON THE GROUND RECIEVE SIGNALS DIRECTLY FROM SATELLITES POSITIONED IN ORBIT, TYPICALLY GEOSTATIONARY OR LOW EARTH ORBIT (LEO) SATELLITES.
- NON TERRESTRIAL NETWORK (NTN): USES NTN TECHNOLOGY FOR SEAMLESS TWO WAY COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DEVICES AND SATELLITES.
- GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES: POSITIONED AT AN ALTITUDE OF 36,000 KM, THESE SATELLITE PROVIDE BROAD COVERAGE AND RELIABLE CONNECTIONS.
SPEED OF HYPERSONIC MISSILE?
A HYPERSONIC MISSILE IS A WEAPON SYSTEM WHICH FLIES AT LEAST AT THE SPEED OF MACH 5 i.e. FIVE TIMES THE SPEED OF SOUND AND IS MANOEUVRABLE.
MANOEUVRABILITY OF HYPERSONIC MISSILES?
UNLIKE BALLISTIC MISSILES, HYPERSONIC MISSILES DO NOT FOLLOW A BALLISTIC TRAJECTORY AND CAN BE MANOEUVRED TO THE INTENDED TARGET.
INDIA’S GSAT 20 HAS BEEN LAUNCHED INTO SPACE BY?
SPACEX’s FALCON 9.
WHAT IS GSAT 20?
GSAT 20 IS A Ka-BAND SATELLITE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE HIGH SPEED BROADBAND INTERNET CONNECTIVITY, DIGITAL VIDEO TRANSMISSION, AUDIO TRANSMISSION AND IN FLIGHT CONNECTIVITY ACROSS INDIA.
MISSION LIFE OF GSAT 20?
14 YEARS.
WHAT IS KA BAND?
OPERATES IN RADIO FREQUENCIES RANGING FROM 27 TO 40 GHz, ENABLING HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSFERS WITH WIDE COVERAGE VIA FOCUSED SPOT BEAMS.
TECHNICAL FEATURES OF GSAT 20?
- EQUIPPED WITH 32 SPOT BEAMS.
- HIGH THROUGHOUT CAPACITY OF 48 Gbps.
- COVERS ALL OF INDIA, WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE NORTHEASTERN REGION, ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR, AND LAKSHADWEEP.
COAL INDIA LIMITED (CIL), UNDER THE MINISTRY OF COAL, RECIEVED THE GREEN WORLD ENVIRONMENT AWARD 2024 IN THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) CATEGORY. WHY?
THIS INTERNATIONAL AWARD HAS BEEN GIVEN TO CIL FOR EXEMPLARY WORK IN THE FIELD OF CSR i.e. THALASSEMIA BAL SEWA YOJANA.
THALASSEMIA BAL SEWA YOJANA?
- IT OFFERS CURATIVE TREATMENT FOR THALASSEMIA PATIENTS THROUGH STEM CELL TRANSPLANT CALLED BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT (BMT).
- OVER 600 PATIENTS HAVE RECIEVED PERMANENT TREATMENT UNDER THE PROGRAM.
- FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE OF UP TO ₹10 LAKH IS PROVIDED AS PER BMT PROCEDURE.
- THE INITIATIVE PARTNERS WITH 17 LEADING HOSPITALS ACROSS INDIA.
WHAT IS PUNCH MISSION?
- THE NASA’S PUNCH MISSION AIMS TO TRACK THE FORMATION, ORIGIN, AND EVOLUTION OF SOLAR WINDS AND CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS (CMEs).
- IT STANDS FOR POLARIMETRY TO UNIFY THE CORONA AND HELIOSPHERE (PUNCH).
MISSION TYPE OF PUNCH MISSION?
A CONSTELLATION OF FOUR SMALL SATELLITES WORKING TOGETHER.
ORBIT OF PUNCH MISSION?
LOW EARTH ORBIT.
PUNCH MISSION DURATION?
2 YEARS.
TUNGSTEN IS ALSO KNOWN AS?
WOLFRAM.
WHAT IS BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY (BFT)?
- IT IS A SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE TECHNIQUE THAT USES MICROORGANISMS TO CONVERT WASTE PRODUCTS INTO NUTRIENTS FOR FISH AND CRUSTACEANS.
- BIOFLOC IS A PROTEIN RICH LIVE FEED FORMED AS A RESULT OF CONVERSION OF UNUSED FEED AND EXCRETA INTO A NATURAL FOOD IN A CULTURE SYSTEM ON EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT AND VIGOROUS AERATION.
- IT USES BENEFICIAL BACTERIAL (FLOC) TO CONVERT ORGANIC WASTE INTO MICROBIAL BIOMASS FOR FISH CONSUMPTION. IT REQUIRES AERATION SYSTEMS FOR OXYGEN LEVELS AND MECHANICAL FILTRATION TO MAINTAIN WATER QUALITY.
WHAT IS RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS (RAS)?
- RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS (RAS) IS A TECHNOLOGY THAT RECYCLES WATER FOR FISH FARMING IN INDOOR TANKS.
- IT FILTERS & RECYCLES WATER USING MECHANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION SYSTEMS AND CREATE A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT FOR TEMPERATURE, OXYGEN & CLEANLINESS.
INDIA’s 1st SELF SUFFICIENT GAUSHALA WITH COMPRESSED BIOGAS (CBG) PLANT?
THE ADARSH GAUSHALA, GWALIOR.
WHAT IS NAFITHROMYCIN?
INDIA’S 1ST INDIGENOUS ANTIBIOTIC WITH TRADE NAME MIQNAF.
NAFITHROMYCIN IS DEVELOPED BY?
BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY RESEARCH ASSISTANCE COUNCIL (BIRAC).
PURPOSE AND APPLICATION OF NAFITHROMYCIN?
- SPECIFICALLY TARGETS COMMUNITY ACQUIRED BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA (CABP).
- TARGETS BOTH TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL PATHOGENS.
- DOSAGE: 3 DAY REGIMEN.
NOVA WAS INTRODUCED AT GOVERNMENT LPGS, PUNALUR, KERALA. WHAT IS IT?
IT IS AN AI POWERED HUMANOID.
WHAT IS PROBA 3?
IT IS WORLD’S FIRST PRECISION FORMATION FLYING MISSION: PROBA 3 IS THE WORLD’S FIRST MISSION TO DEMONSTRATE ADVANCED PRECISION FORMATION FLYING TECHNIQUES.
LAUNCH OF THE PROBA 3 MISSION?
THE MISSION IS LED BY THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA), THE MISSION WILL BE CARRIED INTO SPACE BY THE INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION’S (ISRO) PSLV-XL ROCKET.
MISSION & AIM OF PROBA 3?
- THE PRIMARY AIM IS TO SHOWCASE PRECISE FORMATION FLYING WHILE ENABLING GROUNDBREAKING OBSERVATIONS OF THE SUN’S CORONA.
- IT AIMS TO CREATE AN ARTIFICIAL ECLIPSE BY PRECISELY COORDINATING THE TWO SATELLITES.
COMPONENTS OF PROBA 3?
THE PROBA 3 MISSION COMPRISES TWO SMALL SATELLITES CORONAGRAPH SPACECRAFT AND OCCULTER SPACECRAFT.
MACE TELESCOPE?
MAJOR ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV EXPERIMENT (MACE) TELESCOPE IS A STATE OF THE ART GROUND BASED GAMMA RAY TELESCOPE INAUGURATED IN HANLE, LADAKH.
KEY FEATURES OF MACE TELESCOPE?
- WORLD’S HIGHEST IMAGING CHERENKOV TELESCOPE: LOCATED AT AROUND 4.3 KM ABOVE SEA LEVEL IT BOASTS A 21 METRE WIDE DISH, MAKING IT ASIA’S LARGEST IMAGING CHERENKOV TELESCOPE AND SECOND LARGEST GLOBALLY.
ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY OF MACE TELESCOPE?
- FEATURES 356 HONEYCOMB STRUCTURED MIRROR PANELS, EACH COATED WITH SILICON DIOXIDE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.
- HIGH RESOLUTION CAMERA EQUIPPED WITH 1088 PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES TO AMPLIFY FAINT SIGNALS.
- MOUNTED ON A 180 TONNE STRUCTURE WITH AN ALTITUDE AZIMUTH SYSTEM, ENABLING MOVEMENT ALONG BOTH HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PLANES FOR WIDE SKY COVERAGE.
WHAT IS ALTITUDE AZIMUTH SYSTEM?
THE ALT-AZIMUTH SYSTEM OF COORDINATES SPECIFIES THE POSITION OF AN OBJECT IN TERMS OF TWO ANGLES – THE ‘ALTITUDE’ ABOVE THE HORIZON AND THE ‘AZIMUTH’, WHICH IS THE ANGLE CLOCKWISE FROM NORTH.
MACE TELESCOPE IS DEVELOPED BY?
INDIGENOUS DEVELOPMENT:- DESIGNED AND DEVELOPED IN INDIA BY INSTITUTIONS LIKE BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE (BARC), TATA INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH (TIFR), AND THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ASTROPHYSICS (IIA).
WHAT IS SJOGREN’S DISEASE?
- SJOGREN’S DISEASE IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER WHERE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM MISTAKENLY ATTACKS THE BODY’S MOISTURE PRODUCING GLANDS.
- COMMONLY CAUSES DRYNESS IN THE EYES AND MOUTH BUT CAN ALSO AFFECT JOINTS, SKIN, LUNGS, KIDNEYS, AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
ROVER OF BLUE GHOST MISSION?
THE BLUE GHOST MISSION DOES NOT HAVE A ROVER TO MOVE AROUND ON THE MOON’S SURFACE, MEANING THAT THE PAYLOADS DEPLOYED FROM THE LANDER WILL REMAIN STATIC.
ALL RECORDE MARBURG VIRAL DISEASE OUTBREAKS HAVE ORIGINATED IN _________.
AFRICA.
WHAT IS CYBERKNIFE?
CYBERKNIFE IS A ROBOTIC SYSTEM THAT USES RADIATION THERAPY TO TREAT TUMORS AND OTHER MEDICAL CONDITIONS.
AIM OF SPRP?
STRATEGIC PREPAREDNESS, READINESS AND RESPONSE PLAN (SPRP) AIMS TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF DENGUE AND OTHER AEDES BORNE DISEASES LIKE ZIKA AND CHIKUNGUNYA.
AKASHTEER SYSTEM IS DEVELOPED BY?
- AKASHTEER IS AN INDIAN AIR DEFENCE CONTROL & REPORTING SYSTEM.
- DEVELOPED BY BHARAT ELECTRONICS LIMITED (BEL).
WHAT IS SOLAR CYCLE & SOLAR MAXIMUM?
- EVERY 11 YEARS OR SO, THE SUN’S MAGNETIC FIELD FLIPS COMPLETELY, MEANING ITS NORTH AND SOUTH POLES SWITCH PLACES. THIS PERIODIC CHANGE IS KNOWN AS THE SOLAR CYCLE.
- THE SOLAR CYCLE AFFECTS ACTIVITY ON THE SURFACE OF THE SUN. FOR INSTANCE, THE SUN IS AT ITS MOST ACTIVE WHEN THE MAGNETIC FIELD FLIPS. THIS PHASE IS CALLED THE SOLAR MAXIMUM. DURING THIS PERIOD, OUR STAR CAN SEND OUT MORE FREQUENT AND INTENSE BURSTS OF RADIATION AND PARTICLES INTO SPACE. AFTER THE FLIP, THE SUN CALMS DOWN UNTIL IT REACHES THE SOLAR MINIMUM– AND A NEW CYCLE BEGINS.
SUNSPOTS DURING SOLAR MAXIMUM AND SOLAR MINIMUM?
- DURING THE SOLAR MAXIMUM, THE SUN’S SURFACE HAS ITS LARGEST NUMBER OF SUNSPOTS- SMALL, DARK, COOLER AREAS WHERE THE MAGNETIC FIELD IS PARTICULARLY STRONG.
- DURING THE SOLAR MINIMUM, THE SUN HAS THE LEAST SUNSPOTS. SCIENTISTS TRACK THE SOLAR CYCLE BY COUNTING THE NUMBER OF SUNSPOTS.
- GIANT ERUPTIONS ON THE SUN, SUCH AS SOLAR FLARES AND CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS, ALSO INCREASE DURING THE SOLAR CYCLE.
2024 NOBEL PRIZE FOR MEDICINE?
VICTOR AMBROS AND GARY RUVKUN FOR THE DISCOVERY OF MICRORNA AND ITS ROLE IN POST TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION.
NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 2024?
- JOHN HOPFIELD AND BRITISH CANADIAN GEOFFREY HINTON WON FOR DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS THAT LAID FOUNDATION FOR MACHINE LEARNING.
- THEY DEVELOPED COMPUTER ALGORITHMS THAT MIMIC THE FUNCTIONING OF THE HUMAN BRAIN IN PERFORMING COMMON TASKS.
- HOPEFIELD’S BUILT AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN) RESEMBLING THE NETWORK OF NERVE CELLS IN THE HUMAN BRAIN, THAT ALLOWED COMPUTER SYSTEMS TO ‘REMEMBER’ AND ‘LEARN’.
- HINTON’S ADVANCED MODELS COULD UNDERSTAND VOICES AND PICTURES.
- HINTON DEVELOPED A METHOD CALLED BACKPROPAGATION THAT ENABLED THE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS TO LEARN FROM PREVIOUS MISTAKES AND IMPROVE ITSELF.
BUILDING OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS?
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS ARE BUILT FROM NODES THAT ARE CODED WITH A VALUE. THE NODES ARE CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER AND, WHEN THE NETWORK IS TRAINED, THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN NODES THAT ARE ACTIVE AT THE SAME TIME GET STRONGER, OTHERWISE THEY GET WEAKER.
WHAT IS FATTAH 2 WHICH WAS IN NEWS RECENTLY?
IRAN USED HYPERSONIC MISSILES LIKE THE FATTAH 2 IN THE ONGOING CONFLICT WITH ISRAEL.
TRACHOMA IS CAUSED BY?
- DISEASE OF THE EYE CAUSED BY INFECTION WITH THE BACTERIUM CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.
- THE WHO HAS DECLARED THAT THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA HAS ELIMINATED TRACHOMA AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM.
SAFE STRATEGY TO ELIMINATE TRACHOMA?
- SURGERY
- ANTIBIOTICS
- FACIAL CLEANLINESS
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT.
IN WHICH YEAR, INDIA WAS DECLARED FREE FROM INFECTIOUS TRACHOMA?
2017.
NOBEL PRIZE FOR CHEMISTRY 2024?
- DAVID BAKER RECIEVES HALF OF THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR HIS PIONEERING EFFORTS IN COMPUTATIONAL PROTEIN DESIGN.
- THE OTHER HALF HAS BEEN AWARDED TO DEMIS HASSABIS AND JOHN M. JUMPER FOR DEVELOPING ALPHAFOLD 2, AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL THAT CAN PREDICT THE STRUCTURES OF MILLIONS OF PROTEINS.
NOBEL PRIZE FOR LITERATURE 2024?
SOUTH KOREAN AUTHOR HAN KANG HAS BEEN AWARDED THE 2024 NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE FOR HER “INTENSE POETIC PROSE THAT CONFRONTS HISTORICAL TRAUMAS AND EXPOSES THE FRAGILITY OF HUMAN LIFE”.
NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 2024?
THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 2024 HAS BEEN AWARDED TO JAPANESE ORGANISATION NIHON HIDANKYO, A GRASSROOTS MOVEMENT OF ATOMIC BOMB SURVIVORS FROM HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI, ALSO KNOWN AS HIBAKUSHA.
SPACE BASED SURVEILLANCE MISSION?
- THE PROJECT AIMS TO ENHANCE INDIA’S SPACE SURVEILLANCE CAPABILITIES FOR NATIONAL SECURITY.
- THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL SECRETARIAT AND THE DEFENCE SPACE AGENCY UNDER THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE ARE MANAGING THE SBS MISSION.
NASA’S EUROPA CLIPPER MISSION’s AIM AND OBJECTIVE?
- THE EUROPA CLIPPER IS NASA’S LARGEST SPACECRAFT FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION.
- AIMS TO PLACE A SPACECRAFT IN ORBIT AROUND JUPITER TO PERFORM A DETAILED INVESTIGATION OF EUROPA.
- MISSION OBJECTIVE: TO FIND OUT IF THE ICE-ENCASED MOON EUROPA COULD BE HABITABLE.
- EUROPA SHOWS STRONG EVIDENCE FOR AN OCEAN OF LIQUID WATER BENEATH ITS ICY CRUST.
WHAT IS NNC2215?
ALSO KNOWN AS SMARG INSULIN IS A DRUG DESIGNED TO CIRCULATE IN THE BODY AND TURN ON WHEN IT’S NEEDED AND OFF WHEN IT’S NOT.
WORKING OF NNC2215?
- WHEN BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS ARE LOW, THE GLUCOSIDE BINDS TO THE RING, KEEPING THE INSULIN INACTIVE TO PREVENT FURTHER LOWERING OF BLOOD SUGAR.
- AS BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS RISE, GLUCOSE REPLACES THE GLUCOSIDE, CAUSING THE INSULIN TO CHANGE ITS SHAPE AND BECOME ACTIVE, HELPING TO LOWER BLOOD SUGAR TO SAFER LEVELS.
PHYSIOLOGY OF MEDICINE NOBEL PRIZE WINNER 2024?
VICTOR AMBROS AND GARY RUVKUN FOR DISCOVERY OF microRNA AND ITS ROLE IN POST TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE REGULATION. THEY UTILIZED CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS TO UNDERSTAND FUNDAMENTAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES.
GENETIC MILESTONES OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS?
- FIRST MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM TO HAVE ITS FULL GENOME SEQUENCED.
- FIRST TO HAVE ITS NEURAL WIRING FULLY MAPPED.
UNIQUE BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS MAKING IT FAVOURABLE SUBJECT IN RESEARCH?
- RAPID DEVELOPMENT: GROWS FROM FERTILISED EGG TO AN ADULT IN 3-5 DAYS.
- COMPACT LIFECYCLE FACILITATES EASE OF EXPERIMENTATION AND OBSERVATION. - SEXES: TWO DISTINCT SEXES
- HERMAPHRODITE: PRODUCES LIMITED SPERM, CAN REPRODUCE BY:
- SELF FERTILIZATION
- CROSS FERTILIZATION (VIA MATING WITH A MALE)
- MALE: TRANSFERS SPERM TO HERMAPHRODITE DURING MATING. - CELL COUNT: IT HAS EXACTLY 959 CELLS, EACH NAMED AND TRACKED THROUGHOUT ITS LIFE CYCLE- A HIGHLY MANAGEABLE NUMBER COMPARED TO HUMAN CELLS.
- GENETIC TRACTABILITY: PROVIDES INSIGHTS INTO FUNDAMENTAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES DUE TO ITS SIMPLE ANATOMY AND CELL LINEAGE MAPPING.
‘TENKANA’ WAS IN NEWS WHAT IS IT?
A NEW GENUS OF JUMPING SPIDERS, ‘TENKANA’, FOUND ACROSS SOUTHERN INDIA, ENCOMPASSING TWO PREVIOUSLY KNOWN SPECIES. IT ALSO INTRODUCED A NEW SPECIES, TENKANA JAYAMANGALI, FROM KARNATAKA.
IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES OF PANDEMIC FUND PROJECT?
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB), FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO) AND THE WORLD BANK.
THREE PILLARS OF DIGITAL PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE (DPI)?
- IDENTITY
- PAYMENTS
- DATA MANAGEMENT.
INDIA LAUNCHED ITS FIRST REUSABLE HYBRID ROCKET, DEVELOPED BY THE TAMIL NADU BASED START UP SPACE ZONE INDIA WITH MARTIN GROUP, FROM THIRUVIDANDHAI IN CHENNAI?
RHUMI 1.
WHAT IS EMIHOKORO?
A NEWLY DEVELOPED HEAT RESISTANT PLANT VARIETY OF JAPAN.
WHAT IS CROSS POLLINATION PROCESS?
OCCURS WHEN POLLEN FROM THE ANTHER OF ONE PLANT IS TRANSFERRED TO THE STIGMA OF ANOTHER PLANT OF THE SAME SPECIES.
WHAT IS A SEMICONDUCTOR?
IT IS A MATERIAL THAT EXHIBITS PROPERTIES OF BOTH INSULATORS AND CONDUCTORS.
PROJECT STRAWBERRY?
OpenAI PLANS TO RELEASE ITS MOST POWERFUL AI MODEL, CODENAMED PROJECT STRAWBERRY, WHICH COULD BE INTEGRATED INTO ChatGPT-5.
BEPICOLOMBO MISSION?
- IT IS AN INTERNATIONAL MISSION CONSISTING OF TWO SPACECRAFT RIDING TOGETHER TO MERCURY TO ORBIT AND STUDY THE PLANET FROM UNIQUE VANTAGE POINTS.
- IT IS A JOINT MISSION BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA) AND THE JAPANESE COUNTERPART JAXA.
- ESA’s MERCURY PLANETARY ORBITER (MPO) WILL STUDY THE PLANET’s SURFACE AND INTERIOR.
- JAXA’s MERCURY MAGNETOSPHERIC ORBITER (MIO) WILL STUDY THE PLANET’s MAGNETIC FIELD.
WHAT IS PLANETARY PROTECTION, ITS SIGNIFICANCE AND METHOD OF COMPLIANCE?
- DEFINITION: PLANETARY PROTECTION IS THE IDEA TO PRESERVE THE BIOSPHERES OF THE EARTH AND THE BODY AGAINST CONTAMINATION BY ‘ALIEN’ MICROBIAL LIFE, DURING AN INTERPLANETARY MISSION.
- SIGNIFICANCE: THE PRINCIPLE IS ESSENTIAL FOR MAINTAINING THE BIOSPHERE OF BOTH EARTH AND OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES.
- METHOD OF COMPLIANCE: SPACECRAFT ARE CLEANED BY BAKING THEM AT 120°C FOR THREE DAYS, A PROCEDURE THAT ENSURES MINIMAL MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION.
ANTARCTIC KRILL?
- A KRILL IS A GENERAL TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ABOUT 86 SPECIES OF CRUSTACEANS FOUND IN OPEN OCEANS. THEY BELONG TO THE GROUP OF CRUSTACEANS CALLED EUPHAUSIIDS.
- ANTARCTIC KRILL IS ONE OF THE MOST ABUNDANT AND SUCCESSFUL ANIMAL SPECIES ON THE PLANET. THERI ABUNDANCE IS A RESULT OF THE REDDISH BROWN COLOUR OF THE SEA.
HANTAAN & DOBRAVA WERE IN NEWS WHAT ARE THEY?
HANTAAN AND DOBRAVA ARE BOTH HANTAVIRUSES, CAUSING HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME (HFRS).
WHAT IS MINI MOON?
- ASTEROIDS THAT CHANGE THEIR PATH DUE TO EARTH’S GRAVITY AND TEMPORARILY ORBIT EARTH KNOWN AS ‘MINI-MOONS’.
- ASTEROID 2024 PT5 IS A SMALL ASTEROID THAT ORBITS EARTH.
VACCINE FOR DENGUE?
- DENGVAXIA- IT IS A LIVE RECOMBINANT TETRAVALENT VACCINE RECOMMENDED FOR AGES 9-45 OR 9-60 YEARS, DEPENDING ON THE COUNTRY.
- SAFE FOR THOSE WITH PRIOR DENGUE INFECTION AND HAS SHOWN AROUND 80% EFFICACY. - QGENDA- IT IS A LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE RECOMMENDED FOR AGES 6-16 IN HIGH TRANSMISSION AREAS.
- TWO DOSE SERIES TO BE ADMINISTERED THREE MONTHS APART.
- TILL NOW THERE IS NO DENGUE VACCINE AVAILABLE IN INDIA.
MEASUREMENT OF SPEED OF SUPERCOMPUTERS?
THE PROCESSING SPEED OF SUPERCOMPUTERS IS MEASURED IN petaFLOPs (FLOATING POINT OPERATIONS PER SECOND), WHERE ONE petaFLOP EQUALS A THOUSAND TRILLION OPERATIONS PER SECOND.
WHAT IS HAYFLICK LIMIT?
- HAYFLICK DISCOVERED THAT CELL DIVISION IN SOMATIC (NON-REPRODUCTIVE) CELLS STOPPED AFTER ROUGHLY 40-60 TIMES.
- REASON FOR THIS IS SENESCENCE.
- MAXIMUM HAYFLICK LIMIT FOR HUMANS IS 125 YEARS.
WHICH ENZYME IS LINKED TO THE BROWNING OF BANANAS AND OTHER FRUITS?
POLYPHENOL OXIDASE (PPO) COMES IN CONTACT WITH OXYGEN AND BREAK DOWN THE PIGMENT IN FRUITS.
TERRITORY PROVISION FOR ORGAN TRANSPORT?
- THE INSTRUCTIONS MADE IT CLEAR THAT HUMAN ORGANS FOR TRANSPLANT WOULD BE TRANSPORTED ONLY WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA AND NO ORGAN SHALL BE TRANSPORTED OUTSIDE THE COUNTRY.
- ALSO, NO HUMAN ORGAN FOR TRANSPLANT SHALL BE ALLOWED TO BE TRANSPORTED FROM THE TERRITORY OF INDIA.
APPROPRIATE SCREENING FOR ORGAN TRANSPORT?
WHILE TRANSPORTING THE ORGANS BY AIR (COMMERCIAL/NON COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT/HELICOPTER/ AIR AMBULANCE ETC., EXCEPT DRONES), THE HEALTH MINISTRY RECOMMENDED THAT THE BOX CONTAINING THE ORGAN SHOULD BE SCREENED WITHOUT OPENING IT BUT PASSENGERS CARRYING IT SHALL NOT BE EXEMPTED FROM PRE EMBARKATION SECURITY CHECKS.
PRIORITY PRESERVATION FOR ORGAN TRANSPORT?
- STAFF CARRYING/ACCOMPANYING THE ORGAN BOX SHOULD BE GIVEN PRIORITY IN DEBOARDING FOR WHICH AN IN FLIGHT ANNOUNCEMENT COULD BE MADE BY THE PILOT IN COMMAND.
- SEATING IN FRONT ROW SEATS, PRIORITY RESERVATION, AND PROVISION FOR LATE CHECK INS FOR ORGAN TRANSPORT MAY BE FACILITATED BY THE AIRLINE CONCERNED.
RESEARCHES HAVE DISCOVERED ANTI DIABETIC MEDICINAL HERB GURMAR ON________.
GAYA’S BRAHMAYONI HILL.
BRIEF ABOUT GURMAR?
- IT IS A TROPICAL PLANT THAT IS INDIGENOUS TO INDIA AND GROWS IN THE TROPICAL AREAS OF AFRICA, AUSTRALIA AND CHINA.
- IN THE AYURVEDIC SYSTEM, IT IS REFERRED TO AS “MESHASRINGA” OR “GURMAR” AND HAS INDICATIONS FOR USE IN GLUCOSE BALANCE.
- GYMNEMIC ACID- AN ACTIVE COMPONENT ISOLATED FROM LEAVES- HAS ANTI OBESITY AND ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES; IT CAUSES DECREASE IN BODY WEIGHT AND INHIBITS GLUCOSE ABSORPTION.
TREATMENT FOR MPOX VIRUS?
CURRENTLY NO MEDICATION FOR THE MPOX VIRUS ITSELF. HOWEVER, THE ANTIVIRAL DRUGS CIDOFOVIR, BRINCIDFOVIR AND TECOVIRIMAT MAY BE USED.
VACCINES FOR MPOX VIRUS?
TWO VACCINES CURRENTLY IN USE FOR SMALL POX AND MPOX NAMELY JYYNEOS VACCINE AND ACAM2000.
BRIEF ABOUT ERI SILK?
- ERI SILK IS A PROTEIN FIBER DERIVED FROM COCOONS MADE BY THE SAMIA CYNTHIA RICINI MOTH OR PHILOSAMIA RICINI MOTH.
- THE ISOTHERMAL PROPERTIES OF ERI SILK MAKES IT COOL IN SUMMER AND ITS THERMAL PROPERTIES MAKE IT WARM IN WINTERS.
- ERI SILK IS RENOWNED AS THE WORLD’S ONLY VEGAN SILK, WHERE, UNLIKE OTHER SILKS, THE MOTH INSIDE THE COCOON IS NOT KILLED.
- ERI SILK IS HYDROPHILIC, A FIBER THAT LOVES WATER AND CAN ABSORBS IT WELL.
- IT ENJOYS A GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION (GI) CERTIFICATION FROM ASSAM.
JUPITER ICY MOONS EXPLORER (JUICE) MISSION IS LAUNCHED BY?
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY.
WHAT IS JUICE MISSION?
JUPITER ICY MOONS EXPLORER (JUICE) WILL EXPLORE JUPITER’S THREE LARGE MOONS– CALLISTO, EUROPA & GANYMEDE, WHICH ARE BELIEVED TO HAVE SUBSURFACE OCEANS.
THE NEW SHEPARD MISSION?
- THE SPACE EXPLORATION AND RESEARCH AGENCY (SERA), US BASED, IN COLLABORATION WITH BLUE ORIGIN ANNOUNCED THAT INDIA IS A PARTNER IN THEIR HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAMME.
- SERA WILL OFFER SIX SEATS ON A FUTURE MISSION OF BLUE ORIGIN’S NEW SHEPARD, A REUSABLE SUBORBITAL ROCKET.
- NEW SHEPARD WILL TAKE ASTRONAUTS ON AN 11 MINUTE TRIP PAST THE KARMAN LINE (100 KM), EXPERIENCING WEIGHTLESSNESS BEFORE DESCENDING BACK.
PROJECT MERCURY?
- IT WAS THE FIRST PROGRAM INITIATED BY THE US TO PUT HUMANS IN SPACE.
- UNDER THIS PROJECT, 25 FLIGHTS WERE MADE, 6 OF WHICH CARRIED ASTRONAUTS BETWEEN 1961 AND 1963.
- ITS AIMS WAS TO:-
- ORBITING HUMAN SPACECRAFT AROUND THE EARTH.
- PROBING HUMAN’S ABILITY TO FUNCTION IN SPACE.
- MAKING SURE RECOVERY OF BOTH ASTRONAUT AND SPACECRAFT.
VOSTOK PROGRAM?
- VOSTOK SPACECRAFT WAS DEVELOPED AND LAUNCHED INTO SPACE IN 1961.
- IT WAS BUILT BY THE SOVIET UNION.
- THIS PROGRAM AIMED TO PUT THE FIRST SOVIET COSMONAUTS INTO LOW EARTH ORBIT AND RETURN THEM SAFELY.
WHAT IS SNOWBLIND?
- IT’s A NEW ANDROID MALWARE LEVERAGING IN BUILT-IN ANDROID SECURITY FEATURE TO BYPASS ANTI TAMPER MEASURES AND STEAL BANKING CREDENTIALS.
- IT TAKES ADVANTAGE OF A FEATURE KNOWN AS ‘SECCOMP’, SHORT FOR ‘SECURE COMPUTING’, WHICH IS INTEGRATED INTO THE LINUX KERNEL AND THE ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM.
- THIS FEATURE IS DESIGNED TO DETECT SIGNS OF TAMPERING IN APPLICATIONS.
PROJECT CHAPEA?
- NASA’S CREW HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE EXPLORATION ANALOG (CHAPEA) PROJECT, IT WAS THE FIRST OF THREE PLANNED SIMULATIONS TO UNDERSTAND MARS’s CHALLENGES FOR SPACE EXPLORERS.
- NASA AIMED TO COLLECT DATA FOR INSIGHT INTO “THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF LONG DURATION MISSIONS TO MARS ON CREW HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE” AND “UNDERSTAND AND COUNTER THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CHALLENGES ASTRONAUTS WILL FACE.
WHAT IS DENND1B?
DENND1B IS AN OBESITY GENE IN DOGS AND HUMANS.
FOURTH FORM OF ICE?
- A FOURTH FORM OF ICE BEYOND THE THREE (SOLID, LIQUID AND GASEOUS) EXISTING STATE CALLED PLASTIC 7 HAS RECENTLY BEEN CONFIRMED.
- THIS RARE PHASE ALLOWS WATER MOLECULES TO ROTATE FREELY WHILE SAYING IN A SOLID STRUCTURE.
METHOD USED TO MAKE PLASTIC ICE 7?
SCIENTISTS USED ADVANCED QUASI ELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING (QENS) DIAMOND ANVIL CELLS TO STUDY TINY ICE SAMPLES TO OBSERVE MOLECULAR MOVEMENT AT AN ATOMIC SCALE.
FEATURES OF PLASTIC ICE 7?
- PLASTIC ICE 7 HAS A RIGID STRUCTURE UNLIKE REGULAR ICE, BUT ALLOWS MOLECULES ROTATION IN SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS.
- THE ICE FORMS UNDER PRESSURES ABOVE THREE GIGAPASCALS (GPa), ABOUT 30,000 TIMES EARTH’S ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
- IT ALSO NEEDS TEMPERATURES ABOVE 450 KELVIN (177°C).
WHAT IS QUASI ELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING (QENS)?
- IT IS A TECHNIQUE THAT INVESTIGATES THE DYNAMICS OF MATERIALS PARTICULARLY THOSE INVOLVING HYDROGEN INCLUDING DIFFUSION, ROTATIONAL MOTION, AND OTHER STOCHASTIC PROCESSES, AT THE NANOSCALE.
- IT ANALYZES THE BROADENING OF THE ELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING LINE WHICH ARISES FROM SMALL ENERGY TRANSFERS DUE TO STOCHASTIC MOTIONS OF PARTICLES.
WHAT ARE NEUTRINOS?
- NEUTRINOS ARE A TYPE OF SUBATOMIC PARTICLE.
- THEY DON’T HAVE AN ELECTRIC CHARGE, HAVE A SMALL MASS, AND ARE LEFT HANDED (A PHYSICS TERM MEANING THE DIRECTION OF ITS SPIN IS OPPOSITE TO THE DIRECTION OF ITS MOTION.
WHY ARE NEUTRINOS CALLED GHOST PARTICLES?
- THE RARITY OF INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PARTICLES MAKES THEM ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO TRACK.
- THAT’S WHY THEY ARE CALLED GHOST PARTICLES– THE VAST MAJORITY SKIRT AROUND UNDETECTED.
ABUNDANCE OF NEUTRINOS?
THEY ARE THE SECOND MOST ABUNDANT PARTICLES AFTER PHOTONS (PARTICLES OF LIGHT) AND THE MOST ABUNDANT AMONG PARTICLES THAT MAKE UP MATTER.
PRODUCTION AND SOURCES OF NEUTRINOS?
- NEUTRINOS ARE GENERALLY PRODUCED WHEN LEPTONS INTERACT WITH MATTER.
- IT CAN BE OBTAINED FROM BOTH NATURAL (COSMOLOGICAL NEUTRINOS (THE BIG- BANG ETC.) AND MAN MADE (REACTOR NEUTRINOS (DURING FISSION), ETC.) SOURCES.
TYPES AND FLAVOURS OF NEUTRINOS?
- NEUTRINOS COME IN THREE TYPES OR “FLAVOURS”– ELECTRON NEUTRINO, TAU NEUTRINO AND MUON NEUTRINO.
- THEY CAN CHANGE FROM ONE FLAVOUR TO ANOTHER AS THEY TRAVEL. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED NEUTRINO OSCILLATION AND IS AN UNUSUAL QUANTUM PHENOMENON.
- EXAMPLE: NEUTRINOS FROM THE SUN ARE INITIALLY ELECTRON NEUTRINOS, BUT ON EARTH, MANY OF THEM ARE DETECTED AS MUON NEUTRINOS.
TINZAPARIN AND COBRA VENOM?
- TINZAPARIN, A DRUG USED TO PREVENT BLOOD CLOTS, CAN REDUCE CELL DAMAGE FROM SPITTING COBRA VENOM.
- IT DOES IT BY BLOCKING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN VENOM AND ITS CELLULAR RECEPTOR.
- TINZAPARIN MIMICS HEPARAN SULPHATE, TRICKING THE BODY INTO STOPPING THE PRODUCTION OF HEPARAN SULPHATE.
OROPOUCHE FEVER?
OROPOUCHE FEVER IS AN EMERGING ZOONOTIC ARBOVIRAL DISEASE CAUSED BY THE OROPUCHE VIRUS (OROV).
TRANSMISSION OF OROPOUCHE FEVER?
- OROPOUCHE FEVER IS TRANSMITTED TO HUMANS THROUGH THE BITE OF AN INFECTED MIDGE, COMMONLY THE CULICOIDES PARAENSIS MIDGE, OR MOSQUITO.
________ BECAME THE FIRST COMPANY IN THE COUNTRY TO SIGN AN AGREEMENT WITH ISRO UNDER THE IN-SPACe INITIATIVE TO HAVE ACCESS TO THE SPACE AGENCY’s EXPERTISE AND ITS FACILITIES TO BUILD AGNIBAAN IN 2020.
AGNIKUL COSMOS.
_______ WILL BE AGNIKUL’S FIRST FLIGHT AND THE SECOND LAUNCH BY A PRIVATE STARTUP IN INDIA.
AGNIBAAN SOrTeD (SUBORBITAL TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATOR).
AGNIBAAN SOrTeD IS INDIA’S FIRST LAUNCH FROM A PRIVATE MOBILE LAUNCHPAD, CALLED _________, ESTABLISHED BY AGNIKUL.
DHANUSH.
INDIA’S FIRST SEMI CRYOGENIC ENGINE?
- AGNIBAAN SOrTeD IS ALSO INDIA’S FIRST SEMI CRYOGENIC ENGINE POWERED ROCKET LAUNCH MAKING IT THE FIRST EVER CONTROLLED FLIGHT OF A SEMI CRYOGENIC LIQUID ENGINE REALISED THROUGH ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING.
- THE ENGINE CALLED, AGNILET, USES SUB COOLED OXYGEN AS FUEL.
WHAT IS P-HACKING?
IT IS ALSO CALLED DATA SNOOPING OR DATA DREDGING, P-HACKING IS A DATA MANIPULATION TECHNIQUE THAT COMPROMISES THE INTEGRITY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.
TgrB1 AND TgrC1 GENES?
THESE TWO GENES HAVE BEEN FOUND IN DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM WHICH DISPLAYED ALL THE PROPERTIES OF A GREEN BEARD GENE.
TRISHNA MISSION LAUNCHED BY?
- TRISHNA REFERS TO THERMAL INFRA RED IMAGING SATELLITE FOR HIGH RESOLUTION NATURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT.
- LAUNCHED BY ISRO.
OBJECTIVE OF TRISHNA MISSION?
- THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THIS MISSION IS TO MONITOR SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND WATER MANAGEMENT GLOBALLY.
- IT WILL ADDRESS EXTREME HEAT ISSUES IN INDIA AND EUROPE.
THE ROCKET THAT TOOK NEIL ARMSTRONG TO THE MOON?
SATURN 5 (111 METERS).
_______ IS NEARLY 120 METERS TALL, MAKING IT THE LARGEST ROCKET EVER FLOWN.
STARSHIP.
WHAT IS SADFISHING?
SADFISHING REFERS TO THE ACT OF EXAGGERATING OR FALSIFYING ONE’S EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS FOR ATTENTION AND SYMPATHY.
MELIODOSIS DISEASE IS CAUSED BY?
- BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI (BACTERIAL).
- ALSO KNOWN AS WHITMORE’S DISEASE.
- BACTERIA LIVES IN SOIL & SURFACE WATER.
- BOTH HUMANS & ANIMALS GET INFECTED, BUT PEOPLE CAN’T GET IT FROM ANIMALS.
INDIA’S 1ST INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED MRI SCANNER IS DEVELOPED BY?
SAMEER (SOCIETY FOR APPLIED MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH) AN AUTONOMOUS R&D BODY UNDER MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY.
