HISTORY AND CULTURE Flashcards
SANGITA KALANIDHI IS THE HIGHEST AWARD IN THE FIELD OF WHICH MUSIC?
CARNATIC MUSIC.
THE TODA TRIBES MOST IMPORTANT FESTIVAL OF THE YEAR, KNOWN AS ___________, WAS CELEBRATED AT THE MUTHANADU MUND, IN THE NILGRIS TO MARK THE NEW YEAR.
MODHWETH.
TODA (DRAVIDIAN ETHNIC GROUP) TRIBE IS FOUND IN THE STATE OF?
TAMIL NADU, NILGRIS HILLS.
SOME UNIQUE FEATURES OF TODA TRIBE CUSTOMS?
- RELIGION:- IS BUFFALO CENTERED. ONLY DAIRYMAN-PRIESTS CAN MILK THE SACRED BUFFALOES.
- POLYANDRY:‐ FRATERNAL POLYANDRY (WOMAN MARRY ALL THE BROTHERS IN A FAMILY).
- FUNERAL RITUALS:- DRY FUNERAL CEREMONY TAKES PLACE NINE MONTHS AFTER CREMATION.
- EMBROIDERY IS CALLED PUKHOOR.
- FLOWER SYMBOLISM:- FLOWERS USED TO INDICATE SEASON AND STAGE OF THE YEAR.
- ARCHITECTURE:- BARREL VAULTED TEMPLES AND HOUSES.
WHAT IS THE REBUS PRINCIPLE USED IN INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION SCRIPT?
- THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION’S SCRIPT USED THE REBUS PRINCIPLE, WHICH IS A METHOD OF USING SYMBOLS AS BOTH WORDS AND SYLLABLES. FOR EXAMPLE, A PICTURE OF A HONEY BEE COMBINED WITH A LEAF COULD REPRESENT THE WORD “belief”.
PICTOGRAMS REPRESENTED THE WORD FOR THE OBJECT OR ACTION DEPICTED, OR ANY OTHER WORD WITH A SIMILAR SOUND, IRRESPECTIVE OF MEANING. THE FISH SIGN, IS UNLIKELY TO HAVE MEANT ACTUAL FISH. IT MAY REFER TO A STAR— A HOMOPHONE (WORDS WITH THE SAME PRONUNCIATION BUT DIFFERENT MEANING) OF THE DRAVIDIAN WORD FOR FISH (MIN OR MEEN [PISCES]).
CHOTTA CHAR DHAM OR CHAR DHAM OF UTTARAKHAND?
- KEDARNATH
- GANGOTRI
- YAMUNOTRI
- BADRINATH
WINTER SEAT OF DEITIES OF CHHOTA CHAR DHAM?
- KEDARNATH–> OMKARESHWAR TEMPLE (UKHIMATH, RUDRAPRAYAG)
- GANGOTRI–> MUKHBA (UTTARKASHI)
- YAMUNOTRI–> KHARSALI (UTTARKASHI)
- BADRINATH–> PANDUKESHWAR (CHAMOLI)
SIVAGIRI MADHOM WAS FOUNDED BY?
SIVAGIRI MADHOM IS A MAJOR SPIRITUAL AND REFORMIST CENTER IN KERALA, FOUNDED IN 1904 BY SREE NARAYANA GURU.
LITERARY WORKS OF SREE NARAYANA GURU?
- ADVAITHA DEEPIKA
- ASRAMA
- THEVARAPPATHINKANGAL
WHERE IS KONDA REDDI TRIBE FOUND?
PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUP (PVTG) INHABITING THE BANKS OF THE GODAVARI RIVER IN ANDHRA PRADESH.
POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF KONDA REDDI TRIBES?
THE TRIBE HAS A TRADITIONAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM LED BY A HEREDITARY HEADMAN, THE PEDDA KAPU, WHO ALSO SERVES AS THE VILLAGE PRIEST.
AT TIRUPATI TEMPLE, THREE ENTRANCES LEAD TO THE SANCTUM SANCTORUM, ALSO KNOWN AS________?
ANANDA NILAYAM.
WHICH FESTIVAL IS KNOWN AS THE FESTIVAL OF THE SACRED PITCHER?
KUMBH MELA.
WHEN IS KUMBH HELD AT HARIDWAR?
- WHEN JUPITER IS IN AQUARIUS OR KUMBH RASHI.
- SUN IN ARIES.
- MOON IN SAGITTARIUS.
WHEN IS KUMBH HELD AT PRAYAG?
- JUPITER IN TAURUS.
- SUN & MOON IN CAPRICORN OR MAKKAR.
WHEN IS KUMBH HELD AT NASHIK & TRIMBAKESHWAR?
- JUPITER IN LEO (SIMHA).
- SUN & MOON IN CANCER.
- ALSO KNOWN AS SIMHASTHA KUMBH.
RAJA YOGA IS WRITTEN BY?
SWAMI VIVEKANANDA.
JNANA YOGA IS WRITTEN BY?
SWAMI VIVEKANANDA.
KARMA YOGA IS WRITTEN BY?
SWAMI VIVEKANANDA.
BHAKTI YOGA IS WRITTEN BY?
SWAMI VIVEKANANDA.
PATHWAYS TO LIBERATION BY SWAMI VIVEKANANDA?
- RAJA YOGA
- KARMA YOGA
- JNANA YOGA
- BHAKTI YOGA.
PERMANENT ABODE OF SWAMI VIVEKANANDA?
- IN 1899, HE ESTABLISHED BELUR MATH AS HIS PERMANENT ABODE.
- BELUR MATH SERVES AS THE HEADQUARTERS OF RAMAKRISHNA MATH AND RAMAKRISHNA MISSION.
BHARAT SEVASHRAM SANGHA WAS FOUNDED BY?
SWAMI PRANAVANANDA IN 1917.
SWAMI VIVEKANANDA ENCOURAGED THE FORMATION OF THE BHARAT SEVASHRAM SANGHA, DESPITE THE FACT THAT IT WAS NOT CREATED BY HIM.
JALLIKATTU IS PLAYED IN WHICH STATE?
ALSO KNOWN AS ERUTHAZHUVUTHAL, JALLIKATTU IS A TRADITIONAL BULL TAMING SPORT HELD DURING THE PONGAL FESTIVAL IN TAMIL NADU.
BREED USED IN JALLIKATTU?
PULIKULAM.
ANCIENT ORIGINS OF JALLIKATTU?
REFERENCES TO BULL TAMING ARE FOUND IN A SEAL FROM MOHENJODARO.
TAMIL LITERATURE AND JALLIKATTU?
IT IS MENTIONED IN SILAPPADIKARAM BY ILANGO ADIGAL.
KAMBALA IS CELEBRATED IN WHICH INDIAN STATE?
- KARNATAKA
- TRADITIONAL BUFFALO RACE HELD IN WATER FILLED PADDY FIELDS.
BULLOCK CART RACING IS CELEBRATED IN WHICH INDIAN STATE?
- MAHARASHTRA, PUNJAB.
- BULLOCK CARTS RACE AGAINST EACH OTHER IN RURAL FAIRS AND FESTIVALS.
COCKFIGHTING IS CELEBRATED IN WHICH INDIAN STATE?
- ANDHRA PRADESH, TAMIL NADU.
- TRADITIONAL ROOSTER FIGHTS DURING SANKRANTI.
CAMEL RACING IS CELEBRATED IN WHICH INDIAN STATE?
- RAJASTHAN DURING PUSHKAR FAIR.
DHIRIO IS CELEBRATED IN WHICH INDIAN STATE?
TRADITIONAL BULL FIGHTING SPORT CONDUCTED IN GOA.
LOTHAL HAS THE ________ LARGEST NUMBER OF SEALS AMONG ALL IVC SITES.
THIRD.
TRAINING STAGES OF KALARIPAYATTU?
- MAIPPAYATTU:- BODY CONDITIONING PHASE.
- KOLTHARI:- TRAINING WITH WOODEN WEAPONS, INCORPORATING MOVEMENTS OF ANIMALS LIKE ELEPHANTS, LIONS, AND SNAKES.
- ANGATHARI:- INTRODUCTION TO SHARP METAL WEAPONS.
- VERUMKAI:- BARE HAND COMBAT FOCUSING ON ANATOMY.
ANOTHER NAME OF KONARK SUN TEMPLE?
SURYA DEVALAYA.
KONARK SUN TEMPLE WAS BUILT BY?
NARASIMHA DEVA 1 (1238–1264) OF THE EASTERN GANGA DYNASTY IN 1250.
STYLE OF KONARK SUN TEMPLE?
KALINGAN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE.
WHAT IS LEZIM?
- LEZIM IS A DANCE PERFORMED USING A WOODEN INSTRUMENT, WHICH HAS SMALL CYMBALS ATTACHED TO IT.
- IT IS A PART OF MARATHA CULTURE.
RED PANDA IS THE STATE ANIMAL OF?
SIKKIM.
BOOK YOUNG INDIA IS WRITTEN BY?
LALA LAJPAT RAI.
BOOK ENGLAND’S DEBT TO INDIA IS WRITTEN BY?
LALA LAJPAT RAI.
BOOK EVOLUTION OF JAPAN IS WRITTEN BY?
LALA LAJPAT RAI.
BOOK INDIA’S WILL TO FREEDOM IS WRITTEN BY?
LALA LAJPAT RAI.
BOOK MESSAGE OF THE BHAGAVAD GITA?
LALA LAJPAT RAI.
BOOK POLITICAL FUTURE OF INDIA IS WRITTEN BY?
LALA LAJPAT RAI.
BOOK THE DEPRESSED CLASSES IS WRITTEN BY?
LALA LAJPAT RAI.
BOOK THE PROBLEM OF NATIONAL EDUCATION IN INDIA IS WRITTEN BY?
LALA LAJPAT RAI.
BOOK UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (TRAVELOGUE) IS WRITTEN BY?
LALA LAJPAT RAI.
KASHMIR PAPER MACHE WAS INTRODUCED BY?
INTRODUCED TO KASHMIR IN THE 14TH CENTURY BY MIR SAYYID ALI HAMADANI, A SUFI MYSTIC FROM PERSIA.
CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA FOR MANUSCRIPTS?
TO QUALIFY AS A MANUSCRIPT, A DOCUMENT MUST BE AT LEAST 75 YEARS OLD AND HOLD SCIENTIFIC, HISTORICAL, OR AESTHETIC VALUE.
INDUS VALLEY SETTLEMENTS ALONG GHAGGAR RIVER?
- KALIBANGAN
- RAKHIGARHI
- BANAWALI.
MUTHUVAN TRIBE IS FOUND IN?
NORTHEASTERN BORDERS OF MATHIKETTAN SHOLA (KERALA AND TAMIL NADU).
FORT WILLIAM HAS BEEN RENAMED TO?
VIJAY DURG.
KITCHENER HOUSE HAS BEEN REFORMED TO?
MANEKSHAW HOUSE.
ST. GEORGE IS NOW KNOWN AS?
SHIVAJI GATE.
KALBELIA TRIBE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO MAIN GROUPS?
DALIWAL AND MEWARA.
KALBELIA TRIBE IS ALSO KNOWN AS?
SAPERA, JOGIRA, GATTIWALA AND POOGIWARA.
WHICH TRIBES ARE AFFECTED BY POLAVARAM IRRIGATION PROJECT?
KOYA KORA, KONDA KAMARI AND KONDA REDDY.
IN KALYANI CHALUKA/KALACHURI DYNASTY WORD KARANIKA MEANT FOR?
ACCOUNTANT.
BASAVANA’S SPIRITUAL DISCIPLINE WAS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF?
- ARIVU (TRUE KNOWLEDGE)
- ACHARA (RIGHT CONDUCT)
- ANUBHAVA (DIVINE EXPERIENCE).
ANUBHAVA MANTAPA WAS FOUNDED BY?
- BASAVANA OR BASAVESHWARA.
- ANUBHAVA MANTAPA WAS THE FIRST AND FOREMOST PARLIAMENT OF INDIA WHERE SHARANAS (CITIZENS OF WELFARE SOCIETY) SAT TOGETHER AND DISCUSSED THE SOCIALISTIC PRINCIPLES OF A DEMOCRATIC SET UP.
SOCIO ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF BASAVANA OR BASAVESHWARA?
- KAYAKA (DIVINE WORK)– EVERY INDIVIDUAL IN SOCIETY SHOULD TAKE UP THE JOB OF HIS CHOICE AND PERFORM IT WITH ALL SINCERITY.
- DASOHA (EQUAL DISTRIBUTION)– EQUAL INCOME FOR EQUAL WORK.
WORKER (KAYAKAJEEVI), MAY LEAD HIS DAY TO DAY LIFE BY HIS HARD EARNED INCOME, BUT HE SHOULD NOT PRESERVE THE MONEY OR PROPERTY FOR TOMORROW. HE MUST UTILIZE THE SURPLUS MONEY FOR SOCIETY AND THE POOR.
HORNBILL FESTIVAL IS CELEBRATED IN?
NAGALAND.
PAKKE PAGA HORNBILL FESTIVAL (PPHF) IS CELEBRATED IN?
ARUNACHAL PRADESH.
KALARI CHEESE ORIGIN?
- KALARI CHEESE ORIGINATED IN THE RAMNAGAR AREA OF UDHAMPUR DISTRICT IN JAMMU.
- KALARI IS A TYPE OF STRETCHY CHEESE AND A PART OF DOGRA CUISINE WITH A UNIQUE TEXTURE AND TASTE.
KALARI CHEESE RECIEVED GI TAG IN?
23 OCTOBER, 2023.
BULAND DARWAZA OF AJMER SHARIF HAS BEEN BUILT BY?
SULTAN MAHMUD KHAN KHALJI AND HIS SON GHIYASUDDIN BUILT THE BULAND DARWAZA.
SAMMAKKA SARAKKA JATARA (MEDARAM JATARA) IS CELEBRATED IN?
CELEBRATED BY SECOND LARGEST TRIBE OF TELANGANA- KOYA TRIBE.
LOCATION OF RAMAPPA TEMPLE?
RAMAPPA TEMPLE, ALSO KNOWN AS THE RUDRESHWARA TEMPLE, IS LOCATED IN TELANGANA, INDIA.
INDIA’S 39th UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE?
RAMAPPA TEMPLE, TELANGANA.
FOUNDER OF KALYANA CHALUKYA (LATER OR WESTERN CHALUKYA)?
TAILAPA 2, WHO ESTABLISHED THE DYNASTY BY DEFEATING RASHTRAKUTA RULER KAKKA 2 (KARAKA).
THE GUTTI KOYAS, ALSO KNOWN AS GOTTI OR GOTTE KOYAS, ARE AN INDIGENOUS ADIVASI TRIBE FROM ________.
CHHATTISGARH.
THE MOST IMPORTANT FAIR CELEBRATED BY KOYAS IS THE _____________.
SAMMAKKA SARALAMMA JATRA.
WHAT IS SALWA JUDUM?
- SALWA JUDUM IS A GROUP OF TRIBAL PERSONS MOBILIZED FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST OUTLAWED ARMED NAXALITES.
- MANY OF THE GUTTI KOYAS FLED TO ANDHRA PRADESH (NOW TELANGANA) IN THE MID 2000s DUE TO VIOLENT CONFLICTS BETWEEN MAOIST INSURGENTS AND THE SALWA JUDUM, A GOVERNMENT BACKED MILITIA THAT WAS LATER BANNED.
“PAGRI SAMBHAL JATTA” SLOGAN WAS GIVEN BY?
BANKE DAYAL (A NATIONALIST POET).
“PAGRI SAMBHAL JATTA” MOVEMENT WAS STARTED BY?
- AJIT SINGH IN 1907.
BHARAT MATA SOCIETY WAS ESTABLISHED BY?
AJIT SINGH AND KISHAN SINGH (BHAGAT SINGH’S FATHER) FORMED THE BHARAT MATA SOCIETY, REVOLUTIONARY GROUP FOR FARMERS.
REASON FOR STARTING “PAGRI SAMBHAL MOVEMENT”?
- THE PUNJAB LAND ALIENATION ACT, 1900
- THE PUNJAB LAND COLONISATION ACT, 1906
- THE DOAB BARI ACT, 1906.
THE PUNJAB LAND ALIENATION ACT, 1900?
IT RESTRICTED THE RIGHTS OF FARMERS TO SELL OR MORTGAGE THEIR LAND FREELY AND FAVOURED MONEYLENDERS AND LANDLORDS, MAKING IT DIFFICULT FOR PEASANTS TO ESCAPE DEBT.
THE PUNJAB LAND COLONISATION ACT, 1906?
IT GAVE BRITISH THE CONTROL OVER LAND OWNERSHIP IN THE NEWLY DEVELOPED CHENAB COLONY WITH THE LAND BEING TRANSFERRED TO THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT UPON DEATH INSTEAD OF PASSING IT TO THEIR HEIRS.
THE DOAB BARI ACT, 1907?
IT TOOK AWAY FARMERS’S OWNERSHIP RIGHTS OVER THEIR LANDS, EFFECTIVELY REDUCING THEM TO CONTRACT WORKERS.
JHUMOIR BINANDINI DANCE
- IT IS A FOLK DANCE OF THE SADAN ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUP, TRACING THEIR ORIGINS TO THE CHOTANAGPUR REGION (JHARKHAND).
- JHUMUR WAS BROUGHT TO ASSAM BY THE TEA GARDEN COMMUNITY.
- JHUMOIR BINANDINI DANCE IS A LANDMARK CULTURAL EVENT CELEBRATING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE TEA TRIBE TO ASSAM’S HERITAGE.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD TO INDIA’S EDUCATION SYSTEM?
- HE WAS THE 1ST EDUCATION MINISTER AFTER INDEPENDENCE. HE PLAYED A PIVOTAL ROLE IN FOUNDING KEY INSTITUTIONS, SUCH AS:
- INDIAN INSTITUTES OF TECHNOLOGY (IITs):- 1ST IIT IN KHARAGPUR IN 1951.
- UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (UGC): SET UP IN 1953
- JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA; COFOUNDED
- INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE (IISc), BANGALORE.
- INCREASED EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE FROM 1 CRORE TO 30 CRORE.
- IDENTIFIED ADULT LITERACY AS CRUCIAL AREA FOR EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENT.
RATNAGIRI, MEANING “HILL OF JEWELS”, FLOURISHED AS A MAJOR BUDDHIST CENTRE FROM THE 5TH TO THE 13TH CENTURIES CE.
IT PLAYED A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ________ SCHOOL OF BUDDHISM.
VAJRAYANA (TANTRAYANA) SCHOOL OF BUDDHISM.
RATNAGIRI IS A SIGNIFICANT BUDDHIST HERITAGE SUTE LOCATED IN?
ODISHA’S JAJPUR DISTRICT.
CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC ORGANISATIONS BY MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD?
- AZAD IS CREDITED WITH FOUNDING SEVERAL KEY INSTITUTIONS.
- INDIAN COUNCIL FOR CULTURAL RELATIONS (ICCR)
- SAHITYA AKADEMI
- LALIT KALA AKADEMI
- SANGEET NATAK AKADEMI
- COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH (CSIR).
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD REVOLUTIONARY ACTIVITIES AND ROLE IN FREEDOM MOVEMENT?
- INVOLVEMENT WITH INDIAN REVOLUTIONARIES:- AFTER RETURNING TO INDIA, HE CONNECTED WITH BENGAL REVOLUTIONARIES LIKE AUROBINDO GHOSH AND SHYAM SUNDAR CHAKRAVARTY, HELPING TO ESTABLISH REVOLUTIONARY CENTRES ACROSS NORTH INDIA AND BOMBAY.
- EFFORTS FOR HINDU-MUSLIM UNITY:- DESPITE ANTI MUSLIM SENTIMENTS AMONG SOME REVOLUTIONARIES, AZAD PROMOTED HINDU MUSLIM UNITY WITHIN THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT.
- AL-HILAL & AL-BALAGH JOURNALS:- IN 1922, HE LAUNCHED THE URDU WEEKLY AL-HILAL TO SPREAD REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS AMONG MUSLIMS, PROMOTING UNITY BETWEEN HINDUS AND MUSLIMS.
AFTER AL-HILAL WAS BANNED, HE STARTED AL-BALAGH WITH SIMILAR OBJECTIVES, WHICH WAS ALSO BANNED IN 1916.
○ HE WAS SUBSEQUENTLY EXILED TO RANCHI AND THE RELEASED IN 1920. - ROLE IN THE WORLD AND NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENTS ➔
○ KHILAFAT COMMITTEE: AZAD RALLIED THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY THROUGH THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT, WHICH SOUGHT TO RESTORE THE KHALIFA IN TURKEY.
○ NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT: HE ALSO SUPPORTED MAHATMA GANDHI’S ’s NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT AND JOINED THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS IN 1920.
○ CONGRESS LEADERSHIP: IN 1923, HE WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT OF A SPECIAL CONGRESS SESSION IN DELHI AND, IN 1940, ASSUMED LEADERSHIP AGAIN, SERVING AS CONGRESS PRESIDENT UNTIL 1946.
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD LANGUAGE POLICY AND THE ROLE OF ENGLISH?
- INITIAL VIEW ➔ AZAD INITIALLY FAVOURED MOVING AWAY FROM THE BASIN’S LANGUAGE IN POST-INDEPENDENCE INDIA.
- REVISED PERSPECTIVE ➔ IN A CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY SPEECH (SEPTEMBER 14, 1949), HE ARGUED THAT INDIA COULD NOT IMMEDIATELY REPLACE ENGLISH DUE TO:
- LACK OF A NATIONAL LANGUAGE: NO SINGLE LANGUAGE HAD WIDESPREAD ACCEPTANCE OR USAGE ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
- EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS: A SUDDEN SHIFT AWAY FROM ENGLISH RISKED COMPROMISING EDUCATIONAL QUALITY AND STUDENT COMPETENCE. - BALANCED APPROACH ➔ AZAD EMPHASISED THE NEED FOR PRACTICALITY OVER SENTIMENT, ADVOCATING FOR A GRADUAL, THOUGHTFUL APPROACH TO LANGUAGE POLICY IN EDUCATION.
JOURNALS AL-HILAL AND AL-BALAGH WAS STARTED BY?
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD.
