Science - Acids and Bases: key terms

Question 1

Define: Ionic bond

Answer 1

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 2

Define: Ion

Answer 2

an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons to be balanced and have a full outer shell

Question 3

Define: Ionic compounds

Answer 3

form due to an ionic bond forming between a positive and negative ion

Question 4

NH4^+

Answer 4

ammonium

Question 5

OH^-

Answer 5

hydroxide

Question 6

CO3^2-

Answer 6

carbonate

Question 7

HCO3^-

Answer 7

hydrogen carbonate

Question 8

SO4^2-

Answer 8

sulfate

Question 9

NO3^-

Answer 9

nitrate

Question 10

why two form a particular compound e.g. K2O

Answer 10

An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons to get a full outer shell and become stable. K has an electron arrangement of 2,8,8,1 it loses 1 electron to get a full outer shell and forms the K + ion. It has a
charge of +1 because it lost 1 electron and the ion now has 19 protons (+1 charge) and 18 electrons (-1 charge). O has an electron arrangement of 2,6 it gains 2 electron to get a full outer shell and forms the O 2- ion. It has a charge of -2 because it gained 2 electron and the ion now has 8 protons (+1 charge) and 10 electrons (-1 charge). Two K atoms are needed to transfer two electrons to one O atom to form K 2 O. The compound is neutral and has a
2:1 ratio. It is an ionic compound which is held together by an ionic bond (strong electrostatic forces of attraction).

Question 10

Define: reaction rate

Answer 10

speed of which a chemical reaction occurs, how quickly reactants turn into products

Question 10

why do ions have the charge they do e.g. Al^3+

Answer 10

An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons to get a full outer shell and become stable. Al has an electron arrangement of 2,8,3 it loses 3 electrons to get a full outer shell and form the Al^3+ ion. It has a charge of +3 because it has lost 3 electrons and now has 13 protons (+1 charge) and 10 electrons (-1 charge)

Question 11

Collison theory: conditions

Answer 11

• must collide
• enough energy
• correct orientation

Question 11

Define: rate of reaction

Answer 11

no. of successful collisions that occur per unit of time

Question 12

Affect of RR: concentration

Answer 12

High C= more collisions b/c less space between particles and more particles

Question 13

Affect of RR: surface area

Answer 13

large SA= more collisions b/c more exposure to particles

Question 14

Affect of RR: temperature

Answer 14

high temp= more collisions b/c move more as they have more energy(kinetic), and have more energy (necessary for collisions)

Question 15

Affect of RR: catalyst

Answer 15

present= lowers energy required for a reaction

Question 16

Common acids

Answer 16

HCL = hydrochloric
H2SO4 = sulfuric
HNO3 = nitric

Question 17

common base combinations

Answer 17

metal oxides = O^2-
metal hydroxides = OH^-
metal carbonates = CO3^2-
metal hydrogen carbonates = HCO3^-

Question 18

Acid + metal

Answer 18

–> metal salt + hydrogen gas

Question 19

Acid + metal hydroxide/oxide

Answer 19

–> metal salt + water

Question 20

Acid + metal (hydrogen) carbonate

Answer 20

–> metal salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 21

neutralization model answer

Answer 21

1. explain why neutralization: base + acid –> salt + …
2. state acidity/basicity of solution –> H+ to OH- ratio –> if salt/other made –> pH + UI