Science - Acids and Bases: key terms Flashcards
Define: Ionic bond
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Define: Ion
an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons to be balanced and have a full outer shell
Define: Ionic compounds
form due to an ionic bond forming between a positive and negative ion
NH4^+
ammonium
OH^-
hydroxide
CO3^2-
carbonate
HCO3^-
hydrogen carbonate
SO4^2-
sulfate
NO3^-
nitrate
why two form a particular compound e.g. K2O
An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons to get a full outer shell and become stable. K has an electron arrangement of 2,8,8,1 it loses 1 electron to get a full outer shell and forms the K + ion. It has a
charge of +1 because it lost 1 electron and the ion now has 19 protons (+1 charge) and 18 electrons (-1 charge). O has an electron arrangement of 2,6 it gains 2 electron to get a full outer shell and forms the O 2- ion. It has a charge of -2 because it gained 2 electron and the ion now has 8 protons (+1 charge) and 10 electrons (-1 charge). Two K atoms are needed to transfer two electrons to one O atom to form K 2 O. The compound is neutral and has a
2:1 ratio. It is an ionic compound which is held together by an ionic bond (strong electrostatic forces of attraction).
Define: reaction rate
speed of which a chemical reaction occurs, how quickly reactants turn into products
why do ions have the charge they do e.g. Al^3+
An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons to get a full outer shell and become stable. Al has an electron arrangement of 2,8,3 it loses 3 electrons to get a full outer shell and form the Al^3+ ion. It has a charge of +3 because it has lost 3 electrons and now has 13 protons (+1 charge) and 10 electrons (-1 charge)
Collison theory: conditions
- must collide
- enough energy
- correct orientation
Define: rate of reaction
no. of successful collisions that occur per unit of time
Affect of RR: concentration
High C= more collisions b/c less space between particles and more particles
