Science 8 Flashcards
Heredity
The passing of genetic traits from parent of offspring
Dominant trait
The trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits and bred
Recessive trait
A trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
Gene
One set of instructions for an inherited trait
Alleles
One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair
Phenotype
An organismś appearance or other detectable characteristics
Genotype
the entire genetic makeup of an organism - also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
probability
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event.
Homologous chromosomes
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
Meiosis
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
sex chromosomes
one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the individual
pedigree
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
asexual reproduction
only one parent cell is needed
Mutations
A change in a nucletoide-based sequence of gene or DNA molecule
RNA
Riboncuelic acid- a molecule that is present in all living cells that plays a role in a protein production
