Science Flashcards
Final Exam
What is the basic part of all living things?
Cells
What is the largest group an organism can be classified into?
Kingdom
Give an example of a Kingdom.
plants, animals, fungi, protists and monerans
What is the jelly-like substance found in a cell?
Cytoplasm
What carry water, food, or wastes into and out of a cell?
Vacuoles
What’s the name of the organelle responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
What do chloroplasts contain?
chlorophyll
What does photosynthesis create?
sugar, water and oxygen
What is the substance within the chloroplasts that make photosynthesis possible?
Chlorophyll
What part of the cell acts as the control center?
nucleus
What breaks down food and releases energy?
Mitochondria
What is the series of steps used to investigate something that occurs naturally?
The scientific method
What do you call something that is changed from one experiment to another?
a variable
What is a possible answer to the question you have called?
hypothesis
Anything that has mass and volume is called?
matter
The amount of space matter takes up is called?
volume
What refers to how tightly pack matter is?
density
How much matter something has is called?
mass
All matter is made up of what?
atoms
What are the smallest particles of an element that still have the properties of that element?
atoms
What are positively charged particles?
protons
In an atom, what has no charge?
neutrons
What are negatively charged particles?
electrons
Where are the protons and neutrons located?
in the nucleus
Where are the electrons located?
they travel in shells around the nucleus
What do atoms contain?
protons, neutrons and electrons
What happens when there are more electrons than protons?
The particle has a negative charge.
What happens when an atom loses electrons?
It has a positive charge.
What happens when there are the same number of electrons and protons in an atom?
The atom is neutral.
What forms when 2 or more atoms combine?
Molecules
How are elements and molecules written?
With the elemental abbreviation followed by a smaller number.
What does the smaller number of an elemental abbreviation represent?
It tells how many atoms of the molecule are present.
What happens when no number is present in an elemental abbreviation?
Only one atom is present
What elements does H2O represent?
2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
What are the simplest types of matter?
elements
Can elements be broken down any further?
No
What is the model called that arranges the elements?
The periodic table
What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
Physical changes just changes the state of matter but with chemical changes a new substance is formed
Name 3 examples of a physical change.
evaporation, condensation, melting, changes in shape, mixing together
Name 3 examples of a chemical change.
precipitate, change color, give off heat, fizz
What are made of tightly packed, barely moving particles?
Solids
What are made of more loosely packed particles?
Liquids
What are spread out fast moving particles?
Gases
What is the slow change from a liquid to a gas?
Evaporation
What is the change from a gas into a liquid?
Condensation
What are substances that test sour and turn litmus paper red?
Acids
What are substances that are slippery and turn litmus paper blue?
Bases
What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?
A conductor allows energy to pass through it a insulator does not.
Give an example of a conductor.
Metal for example copper, gold and silver
Give an example of an insulator.
wood, plastic and ceramic
What surrounds a wire carrying an electric current?
magnetic field
What is a build-up of an electric charge on the surface of an object called?
static electricity
What is it called when electrons suddenly move from one object to another? It includes lightening.
Electric discharge
What is an electric circuit that produces a magnetic field?
Electromagnetism
Give 3 ways that you can increase the force of an electromagnet.
Adding more current, coiling the wire, and adding an iron rod through the coils
What is the order of the plants from closest to the sun to furthest?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
What is the name of the dwarf planet?
Pluto
What is a force that attracts any two objects, that increases with mass and proximity called?
Gravity
In the solar system, spinning for 1 day is called?
rotation
The orbit around the sun takes how long?
1 year
What is the orbit around the sun called?
revolution
The tendency of an object in motion to keep moving in a straight line unless acted on by another force, such as gravity is called?
inertia
Which planets are solid and smaller?
4 inner planets
Which planets are larger and made of gas?
4 outer planets
What are the 4 outer planets known as?
Gas giants
What is located between Mars and Jupiter?
Asteroid belt
What is an object so massive and dense that even light cannot escape its gravitational pull?
black hole
What is a huge collection of stars?
Galaxy
What galaxy are we in?
Milky Way
What includes all living and nonliving things in an environment?
ecosystem
What factors are the living things in an environment?
Biotic factors
What factors are nonliving?
Abiotic factors
What is the relationship between 2 or more kinds of organisms that last over time?
Symbiosis
What benefits both organisms in a symbiotic relationship?
Mutualism
Name 2 examples of mutualism?
our microbiome of gut bacteria and us, honey bee and flower, and lichen-fungi and algae
What benefits one organism while harming the other?
Parasitism
Name 2 examples of Parasitism?
tapeworms and fleas
What are animals that hunt other animals for food called?
Predators
What are organisms that are eaten by other animals?
Prey
What are you called if you only eat plants?
Herbivore
What are you called if you eat mainly other animals?
Carnivore
What are you called if you eat a mixture of plants and meat?
Omnivore
What are you called if you breakdown dead or decaying plant or animal material, including fungi and bacteria?
Decomposers
What is any resource that restricts growth of populations?
Limiting factor
What is an adjustment to an animals behavior that allows it a better chance of survival?
Behavioral adaptations
Name 2 examples of a behavioral adaptation.
wolves hunting in packs, migration, hibernation
What are specific adjustments to internal or external body features?
Structural adaptations
Name 2 examples of a structural adaptation.
animal camouflage, sharp teeth in carnivores or the thorns on a cactus
Name the 4 types of roots.
tap, fibrous, prop and aerial
Give an example of a tap root.
carrots
Give an example of a fibrous root.
grass
Give an example of a prop root.
mangroves
Give an example of a aerial root.
orchids
Plants that are vascular contain what two things?
vessels or hollow tubes
Plants can be vascular or …?
nonvascular
Vascular plants the produce cones are called?
gymnosperms
Vascular plants that produce flowers are called?
angiosperm
What is the continuous movement of water between Earth’s surface and air and back again?
Water cycle
Liquid to gas is called?
Evaporation
Gas to liquid is called?
Condensation
What is any form of water falling to Earth’s surface called?
Precipitation
What is one of Earth’s major land ecosystems with its own characteristic animals, plants, soil, and climate called?
Biomes
What has 4 distinct seasons with a mix of hardwood and conifers?
Deciduous forest
What is frozen and treeless?
Tundra
What are prairies called?
Grasslands
What are wet and warm year round?
Tropical rainforests
