Science 5-8 Flashcards
What are the four layers of the Earth? Label them from outer (#1) to inner (#4).
- Crust
- Mantle
a) Upper
b) Lower - Outer Core
- Inner Core
What are the liquid and solid layers of the earth?
Liquid layers: Lower Mantle, Outer Core.
Solid layers: Crust, Upper Mantle, Inner Core, Oceanic Crust,
What are the various ways in which scientists have gathered information about each of Earth’s layers?
They use vibrations from earthquakes that go deep into the earth and gravitational pull.
What causes earthquakes
Tectonic plates colliding/moving/splitting apart
What is the Richter Scale?
Measures earthquake vibrations in order to determine how dangerous they are.
What are the two different ways that volcanoes can form? Describe both ways.
1: Convergent Boundaries occur when two plates crash into each other, causing the intersection to rise
2: Subduction zones occur when two plates crash into each other and one gets shoved down into the mantle.
What is the difference between a vent and pyroclastic flow?
A vent is the top of a volcano, housing the flowing lava, and where it erupts form, while a pyroclastic flow is a cloud above the vent consisting of ash, lava blocks, pumice, and volcanic gas.
What is a subduction zone? In which type of volcano formation does a subduction zone occur?
A subduction zone is the part of the crust that is diving down back into the mantle of the earth. They are most common n Island-arc volcanos.
What is the Ring of Fire?
The ring of fire is a group of 452 underwater volcanos located in the Pacific Ocean.
What is the difference between a fold and a fault?
Fold are changes in a mountain due to converging boundaries, causing half of the mountain to move upward, while faults are big cracks in the earths crust, caused by plate movement.
How are fold mountains formed? Provide an example of a fold mountain.
When two or more plates are pushed together, causing the intersection to rise up. The alps.
How can you tell the difference between old and young mountains?
The peak of the older mountains will be more rounded due to erosion, while the smaller mountains will have sharper peaks.
When volcanoes are not active, they are said to be…
Dormant
What is the upward part of a fold mountain called?
Anticline
What is the downward part of a fold mountain called?
Syncline
