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Quizbowl > Science (401-600) > Flashcards

Science (401-600) Flashcards

1
Q

Gets nutrients from the aqueous humor

A

Cornea

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2
Q

Anterior epithelium

A

Cornea

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3
Q

Bowman’s layer

A

Cornea

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4
Q

Stroma

A

Cornea

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5
Q

Descemet’s membrane

A

Cornea

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6
Q

Endothelium

A

Cornea

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7
Q

Gives the eye its color

A

Iris

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8
Q

This structure’s sphincter and dilator muscles control the diameter of the pupil

A

Iris

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9
Q

The crypts of Fuchs and folds of Schwalbe are found in this structure

A

Iris

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10
Q

Layer at the back of the eye

A

Retina

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11
Q

The highly sensitive fovea sits at the center of this structure’s macula

A

Retina

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12
Q

Contains rods and cones

A

Retina

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13
Q

Cells in this structure contain rhodopsin

A

Retina

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14
Q

Ganglion cells

A

Retina

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15
Q

Structure enables color vision

A

Retina

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16
Q

Nazar charms resemble these

A

Eyes

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17
Q

G nucleobase

A

Guanine

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18
Q

A nucleobase

A

Adenine

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19
Q

C nucleobase

A

Cytosine

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20
Q

Okazaki fragments

A

DNA

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21
Q

Double-helical macromolecule

A

DNA

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22
Q

Nucleobase that pairs with Uracil or Thymine

A

Adenine

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23
Q

Nucleobase that pairs with Adenine

A

Thymine

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24
Q

Nucleobase that pairs with Cytosine

A

Guanine

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25
Q

Nucleobase that pairs with Guanine

A

Cytosine

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26
Q

This purine base uses two hydrogen bonds to pair with uracil

A

Adenine

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27
Q

Molecule undergoes spontaneous deamination to form uracil

A

Cytosine

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28
Q

Heaviest canonical amino acid

A

Tryptophan

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29
Q

Protein absorbance at 280 nanometers relies on this amino acid

A

Tryptophan

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30
Q

Conformation capture

A

Chromosome

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31
Q

Barr bodies

A

(X) Chromosome

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32
Q

These molecules form three hydrogen bonds with each other in DNA

A

Cytosine and Guanine

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33
Q

One of these structures causes Klinefelter Syndrome

A

Chromosome

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34
Q

noncoding RNA called Xist

A

Chromosome

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35
Q

“world hypothesis”

A

RNA

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36
Q

A type of this molecule is cloverleaf shaped and is used to transfer amino acids

A

RNA

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37
Q

Nucleic acid that is created via transcription

A

RNA

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38
Q

Dentate granule cells

A

Brain

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39
Q

Schwann cells

A

Brain

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40
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Brain

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41
Q

Limbic system

A

Brain

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42
Q

Amygdala

A

Brain

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43
Q

PEG, a medical procedure, drained fluid from this organ

A

Brain

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44
Q

Contigs are combined into scaffolds during analysis of this polymer

A

DNA

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45
Q

Golden Gate and Gibson assembly

A

DNA

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46
Q

Linus Pauling’s model of this polymer was proven incorrect by Photo 51

A

DNA

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47
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Heart

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48
Q

Chordae tendinea connect the papillary muscles of this organ

A

Heart

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49
Q

Frank-Starling Law

A

Heart

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50
Q

Wiggers diagram

A

Heart

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51
Q

Two organs that can be damaged by deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin

A

Liver and Lungs

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52
Q

Organs function can be plotted with flow-volume loops

A

Lungs

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53
Q

Alveoli

A

Lungs

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54
Q

Primary source of the angiotensin converting enzyme

A

Lungs

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55
Q

“Father of genetics”

A

Gregor Mendel

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56
Q

Pea plant observations

A

Gregor Mendel

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57
Q

Formulated the laws of segregation and independent assortment

A

Gregor Mendel

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58
Q

Austrian monk who studied the inheritance of patterns of pea plants

A

Gregor Mendel

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59
Q

Movement of particles from regions of high to low concentration

A

Diffusion

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60
Q

Closest planet to the sun

A

Mercury

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61
Q

88-day orbital period

A

Mercury

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62
Q

Raditladi Crater

A

Mercury

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63
Q

Pantheon Fossae

A

Mercury

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64
Q

Caloris Crater

A

Mercury

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65
Q

BepiColombo Mission

A

Mercury

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66
Q

3:2 spin-orbit resonance with the sun

A

Mercury

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67
Q

Hun Kal Crater

A

Mercury

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68
Q

Unusually large pit-floor craters

A

Mercury

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69
Q

225-day orbital period

A

Venus

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70
Q

JAXA probe AKATSUKI

A

Venus

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71
Q

Magellan Probe

A

Venus

72
Q

Maxwell Montes

A

Venus

73
Q

Great red spot

A

Jupiter

74
Q

Europa orbits

A

Jupiter

75
Q

Grand Tack Hypothesis

A

Jupiter

76
Q

Juno orbiter

A

Jupiter

77
Q

Synchrotron Radiation

A

Jupiter

78
Q

Gossamer ring

A

Jupiter

79
Q

Encke and Keeler Gap

A

Saturn

80
Q

Who discovered the moons of Mars

A

Asaph Hall III

81
Q

Titan orbits

A

Saturn

82
Q

Cassini-Huygens probes

A

Saturn

83
Q

Enceladus and Rhea are moons of what planet

A

Saturn

84
Q

North pole has a hexagonal shape

A

Saturn

85
Q

Titania orbits

A

Uranus

86
Q

Alexis Bouvard discovered orbital perturbations on these bodies

A

Neptune and Uranus

87
Q

These two planets were visited by Voyager 2

A

Neptune and Uranus

88
Q

Verona Rupes

A

Miranda, moon of Uranus

89
Q

Discovered by William Herschel

A

Uranus

90
Q

Along with Venus, this is the only other planet in our Solar System to have a retrograde orbit

A

Uranus

91
Q

Along with Uranus, this is the only other planet in our Solar System to have a retrograde orbit

A

Venus

92
Q

Coldest planet in the solar system

A

Uranus

93
Q

Floating “diamond-bergs”

A

Uranus

94
Q

MUSE mission

A

Uranus

95
Q

Urbain le Verrier predicted the existence of this planet’s neighbor due to anomalies in its orbit

A

Uranus

96
Q

Body contains starburst-shaped channels known as “spiders”

A

Mars

97
Q

Dorsa Argentea

A

Mars

98
Q

This body has been analyzed by rovers such as Zhurong, Sojourner, and Opportunity

A

Mars

99
Q

Solar System’s largest volcano, Olympus Mons

A

Mars

100
Q

Elsyium Planitia

A

Mars

101
Q

First craft to orbit this planet was Mariner 9

A

Mars

102
Q

Planet covered with iron oxide

A

Mars

103
Q

“Yogi” basaltic rock

A

Mars

104
Q

Symbolized “G”

A

Gibbs Free Energy

105
Q

A quantity similar to this one, named after Helmholtz

A

Gibbs Free Energy

106
Q

Enthalpy - Temperature * Entropy

A

Gibbs Free Energy

107
Q

Negative for a spontaneous reaction

A

Gibbs Free Energy

108
Q

Margules Model

A

Gibbs Free Energy

109
Q

This quantity was originally defined graphically in 1873 using entropy and volume as coordinates to represent the state of a substance

A

Gibbs Free Energy

110
Q

Measure of the usable work in available in a system

A

Gibbs Free Energy

111
Q

Determines the spontaneity of a reaction

A

Gibbs Free Energy

112
Q

Ellingham Diagram

A

Gibbs Free Energy

113
Q

Clapeyron Equation

A

Entropy

114
Q

Carnot Engine

A

Entropy

115
Q

Haveged daemon

A

Entropy

116
Q

Joule-Thomson Effect

A

Entropy

117
Q

Sackur-Tetrode formula

A

Entropy

118
Q

Allows for the entropy in a system to decrease

A

Gibbs Paradox

119
Q

Violates the second law of thermodynamics

A

Gibbs Paradox

120
Q

Internal energy - temperature * entropy

A

Helmholtz free energy

121
Q

Shark and other fish contain what heavy metal

A

Mercury

122
Q

Aquamarine is what kind of stone

A

Beryl

123
Q

What is the birthstone of May

A

Emerald

124
Q

Blood cells coagulate into what

A

Clots

125
Q

The H-R Diagram puts what against what

A

Temperature vs Luminosity

126
Q

non-Gibbs free energy

A

Helmholtz free energy

127
Q

internal energy - entropy * temperature

A

Helmholtz free energy

128
Q

Helmholtz free energy equation

A

Internal energy - Entropy * Temperature

129
Q

German free energy physicist

A

Hermann von Helmholtz

130
Q

Used to describe Gaussian beams and Fresnel diffraction

A

Helmholtz equation

131
Q

Arnold Sommerfield

A

Helmholtz equation

132
Q

Useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system is known as what

A

Helmholtz free energy

133
Q

Quantity attained from helmholtz free energy equation

A

Useful work

134
Q

Quantity equal to kinetic - potential energy

A

Lagrangian

135
Q

This quantities’ Legendre transform is the Hamiltonian

A

Lagrangian

136
Q

Represents the total energy of a system

A

Hamiltonian

137
Q

Type of number that has only prime factors

A

Merseene Prime

138
Q

Plotted against Reynold’s Number in a Moody Chart

A

Friction

139
Q

Plotted against Friction in a Moody Chart

A

Reynold’s Number

140
Q

Relationship between the Hersey number and a quantity of this force is the Stribeck Curve

A

Friction

141
Q

Relationship between the coefficient of friction and this number is the Stribeck Curve

A

Hersey Number

142
Q

Length SI Unit

A

Meter

143
Q

Mass SI Unit

A

Kilogram

144
Q

Time SI Unit

A

Second

145
Q

Electric Current SI Unit

A

Ampere

146
Q

Thermodynamic Temperature SI Unit

A

Kelvin

147
Q

Amount of substance SI Unit

A

Mole

148
Q

Luminous Intensity SI Unit

A

Candela

149
Q

Frequency SI Unit

A

Hertz

150
Q

Force SI Unit

A

Newton

151
Q

Pressure SI Unit

A

Pascal

152
Q

Energy SI Unit

A

Joule

153
Q

Power SI Unit

A

Watt

154
Q

Electric Charge SI Unit

A

Coulomb

155
Q

Electric Potential SI Unit

A

Volt

156
Q

Electric Resistance SI Unit

A

Ohm

157
Q

Electric Capacitance SI Unit

A

Farad

158
Q

Electric Conductance SI Unit

A

Siemens

159
Q

Magnetic Flux SI Unit

A

Weber

160
Q

Magnetic Field Strength SI Unit

A

Tesla

161
Q

Inductance SI Unit

A

Henry

162
Q

Illuminance SI Unit

A

Lux

163
Q

Radioactivity SI Unit

A

BecquerelA

164
Q

Absorbed Dose SI Unit

A

Gray

165
Q

Equivalent Dose SI Unit

A

Sievert

166
Q

Catalytic Activity SI Unit

A

Katal

167
Q

Stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges

A

Capacitor

168
Q

Reduces current flow, divides voltages, and terminates transmission lines

A

Resistor

169
Q

Also known as a coil, choke, or reactor

A

Inductor

170
Q

Stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it

A

Inductor

171
Q

Only allows electric current to flow in one direction

A

Diode

172
Q

Made by “doping” the semiconductor

A

P-N Junctions

173
Q

Can amplify electric signals

A

Transistor

174
Q

Usually at least three terminals, input, output, and control

A

Transistor

175
Q

Transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another, or several others

A

Transformer

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