Science (201-400) Flashcards
Patients treated with ribavirin and amantadine
Rabies
Foaming at the mouth
Rabies
Once called “Hydrophobia”
Rabies
This viral disease renders drinking painful
Rabies
8.314J/K*M
Ideal Gas Constant
Eddy currents are predicted by this law
Faraday’s Law
Law that applies to coils rotating in a magnetic field
Faraday’s Law
This modification of the Nernst equation is used to calculate the potential across a cell membrane
Goldman’s Equation
Bond formed by electrostatic attraction between atoms
Ionic bonds
These types of weak ionic bonds occur between positively and negatively charge side-chains of proteins
Salt Bridges
Particle generated by beta decay
Positron
World clock element
Cesium
Particles with integer spin
Boson
Formerly extracted from willow bark
Aspirin
Also known as Acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA)
Aspirin
Bayer held the original patent to this
Aspirin
NSAID pain reliever that can cause more gastro-intestinal side effects than ibuprofen
Aspirin
The phenomena are less frequent when the Madden-Julian oscillation is in effect
Hurricanes
Lockheed WP-3D Orion is a “hunter” of these
Hurricanes
These cannot form near the equator due to a weak Coriolis force
Hurricanes
The Saffir-Simpson scale classifies these
Hurricanes
Eyewall drives a storm surge onto land
Hurricanes
Violent, tropical, Atlantic cyclones exemplified by Ida and Katrina
Hurricanes
Systems with this and a pendulum can be modeled by the Duffing equation
Springs
At full compression, this device’s force is proportional to the fourth power of wire diameter
Springs
“kx”
Springs
Hooke’s Law
Springs
Simple harmonic oscillator
Springs
Pogo sticks and trampolines
Springs
Stores energy in its coils
Springs
Larvae of the insect family Agro-myzi-dae are “miners” of these structures
Leaves
Bundle-seath cells are found here
Leaves
These can be “palmately compound”
Leaves
Have parallel veins in monocots
Leaves
Carotenoid pigments that are yellow and orange
Leaves
Shed by deciduous trees
Leaves
Green plant structures that are the primary site of photosynthesis
Leaves
W and Z particles mediate
Weak nuclear force
Most attempts at unified field theory fail because of
Gravity
Newton used this to explain the motion of the planets
Gravity
This is a distortion in spacetime around an object
Gravity
Decay of these would take 10^35 years to occur
Protons
Dark regions on this structures surface are caused by magnetic activity
Sun
Outermost layer of the sun, only visible during a solar eclipse
Corona
Latin for “crown”
Corona
“visible” surface of the sun
Photosphere
Energy is released as light in this region on the sun
Photosphere
This group of elements is between elements such as gold and oxygen
Metalloids
Group includes boron, arsenic, and germanium
Metalloids
Si
Silicon
Element used to build components like transistors and microships
Silicon
When antimony is blended with Tin
Pewter
Traditionally used to make dishes, pitchers, and beer tankards
Pewter
Individuals with a favorable trait survive longer and pass those traits to their offspring
Natural selection
Two extreme phenotypes
Disruptive selection
Finches on Santa Cruz either have small or large beaks
Disruptive Selection
Trait has increased in elephant populations
Tusklessness
Pressure from poachers has created a directional selection for this trait, especially in female elephants
Tusklessness
Bromine and this element name a type of number used… unsaturation of fats
Iodine
A common clock reaction changes color when this element complexes with starch
Iodine
Pills containing potassium and this element may be issued to victims of nuclear disasters
Iodine
Purplish halogen
Iodine
Can be added to table salt for thyroid health
Iodine
Atomic Number 53
Iodine
I
Iodine
Xanthe-lasma is caused by deposits of this compound under the skin
Cholesterol
Yellow gallstones are primarily crystals of this molecule
Cholesterol
Precursor of steroid hormones
Cholesterol
Best-selling drug of all time is a statin that lowers this molecule’s LDL or “bad” form
Cholesterol
Lipid molecule that is concentrated in shellfish and egg yolks
Cholesterol
Forms plaques that harden arteries
Cholesterol
A McLeod gauge is attached to equipment operating under this condition
Vacuum
Dewar flask
Vacuum
This phenomenon exists between Magdeburg hemispheres
Vacuum
This phenomenon is found above the mercury column in a Torricelli barometer
Vacuum
Robert Boyle designed an air pump to prove sound cannot travel through this medium
Vacuum
Aristotle said that “nature abhors”
Vacuums
A space entirely devoid of matter
Vacuum
According to the Nice model, this astronomical body has had the greatest shift between its orbits
Neptune
Second most trojans in the solar system
Neptune
Solar system’s fastest winds
Neptune
“Scooter” cloud formation
Neptune
Largest known non-spherical object, Proteus, orbits this body
Neptune
“Great Dark Spot”
Neptune
Triton orbits
Neptune
Blue eighth planet from the Sun
Neptune
This kingdom includes mold and yeast
Fungi
Most abundant animal life in soil (Tundra/Taiga) are worms from this phylum
Nematoda
Model organism C. Elegans
Nematoda
Both fungi and nematodes contribute to the formation of this dark organic matter
Humus
Decomposed remains of dead plants/animals
Humus
Forms much of the topsoil layer
Humus
Effective oxygen percentage is 8% in this region
Troposphere
Large urban areas like LA and Mexico City tend to trap this visible, toxic form of air pollution
Smog
Consists of Nitrogen and Sulfur oxides
Smog
Qualitative analysis depends on this kind of reaction
Precipitation
Two ions combine to form a solid that sinks to the bottom of a test tube
Precipitation
Lead, silver, and mercury can be identified quickly because they precipitate with this anion
Chloride
Anion in table salt
Chloride
Behaves similar to Iron
Nickel
Requires eight steps to form a rose red precipitate
Nickel
Ni
Nickel
Particles experience unpredictable change in velocity and pressure
Turbulence
Airplanes experience this phenomenon at the boundaries of air masses moving at different speeds
Turbulence
Transition from laminar to turbulent flow (Dimensionless number)
Reynold’s Number
CnH2n
Alkenes
CnH2n+2
Alkanes
All single bonds
Alkanes
Simplest alkane structure
Methane
At least one carbon double bond
Alkenes
Simplest alkene structure
Ethylene/Ethene
CnH2n-2
Alkynes
At least one carbon triple bond
Alkynes
Simplest alkyne structure
Ethyne/Acetylene
Rotten egg smell
Sulfur
This element’s most common allotrope is an eight-membered ring
Sulfur
“Sour” natural gas
Sulfur
Cysteine
Sulfur
This element’s oxides and nitrogen’s oxides make acid rain
Sulfur
Chalcogen present in the thiol group
Sulfur
Navier-Stokes equation
Turbulence
Contrasted with Laminar flow
Turbulence
Equivalent to Coulomb’s Law
Gauss’s Law
The constant in Gauss’s Law is the permittivity of this kind of region
Vacuum
Equivalent to Gauss’s Law
Coulomb’s Law
Electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the enclosed charge divided by a constant
Gauss’s Law
“Meters” for this quantity typically make use of a glass electrode
pH
Henderson-Hasselbach equation
pH
Phenolphthalein
pH
Bromothymol blue
pH
Methyl red
pH
Measure of a substance’s acidity
pH
Class of properties that depends only on the number of particles in a solution
Colligative
A solvent’s vapor pressure is directly proportional to the solvent’s mole fraction
Raoult’s Law
Change in this quantity must be zero for the formation of a solution
Enthalpy
Inulin can be used to measure this structure’s filtration rate
Kidney
Cluster of small blood vessels that are surrounded by Bowman’s Capsules in a nephron
Glomerulus
Bean shaped organ
Kidney
Kidney part named after a German scientist
Loop of Henle
Fluid filtered from the glomerulus into the nephron must travel through this structure
Loop of Henle
Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
Loop of Henle
“Junction rule” used in circuit analysis
Gustav Kirchhoff
This man and Robert Bunsen established spectroscopy
Gustav Kirchhoff
Hot gas at low pressure produces an emission spectrum
Gustav Kirchhoff
WKB approximation
Erwin Schrodinger
“What is Life?”
Erwin Schrodinger
Born-Oppenheimer approximation is typically made to solve this man’s equation
Erwin Schrodinger
Critiqued the Copenhagen interpretation
Erwin Schrodinger
Scientist’s namesake equation is the wave function
Erwin Schrodinger
“Dead” or “Alive” cat
Erwin Schrodinger
Hpsi = Epsi
Erwin Schrodinger
Bindings between metals and ligands or macromolecules and ligands
Calorimetry
Differential scanning technique
Calorimetry
Hayashi and Henyey tracks
H-R Diagram
Schwarzchild space
H-R Diagram
Has a forbidden zone
H-R Diagram
Super giants found at the top right of this chart
H-R Diagram
Instability strip
H-R Diagram
Stellar evolution of stars
H-R Diagram
White dwarf stars found at the bottom left of this graph
H-R Diagram
Relationship between temperature and luminosity of stars
H-R Diagram
Eponymous diagram devised by a Dane and an Englishman
Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram
Ptolemy’s Theorem
Golden Ratio
? = (1 + sqrt(5))/2
Golden Ratio
Lucas numbers
Golden Ratio
Limit of the ratios of successive terms of the Fibonacci sequence
Golden Ratio
Denoted by the letter phi ɸ
Golden Ratio
1.618
Golden Ratio
Amount required to raise the temperature of an object by 1°C
Heat Capacity
Equals 5/3 for an ideal gas
Heat capacity
Amount required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1°C
Specific heat
A model for this quantity treats solids as a collection of harmonic oscillators with the same frequency
Heat capacity
Bomb calorimeters measure this value
Heat capacity
Narrow escape problem
Brownian Motion
This phenomenon seems to allow a violation of the 2nd law of thermodynamics
Brownian motion
This value for water is 4.18J
Heat Capacity
Wiener process
Brownian Motion
Marcus Theory
Gibbs Free Energy
Reorganization energy
Gibbs Free Energy
Brønsted catalysis equation
Gibbs Free Energy
Phase rule/Phase equilibrium
Gibbs Free Energy
Quantity decreases in spontaneous processes
Gibbs Free Energy
American scientist’s namesake “free energy”
Gibbs Free Energy
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
3rd Law of Thermodynamics
A perfect crystal at 0K has zero entropy
Who created the Laws of Thermodynamics
Rudolf Clausius
1st Law of Planetary Motion
Planets move in elliptical orbits focused around the sun
2nd Law of Planetary Motion
A planet covers the same area of space in the same amount of time no matter where it is in its orbit
3rd Law of Planetary Motion
A planet’s orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit (It’s semi-major axis)
Who create the Laws of Planetary Motion
Johannes Kepler
Newton’s first law (Law of Inertia)
An object in motion tends to stay in motion, with the same direction and speed
Newton’s second law (Law of Acceleration)
The acceleration of an object produced by a net applied force is directly related to the magnitude of said force
Newton’s third law (Action-Reaction)
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Clear, outer portion of the eye
Cornea
Excimer lasers are used in LASIK surgery to alter this structure
Cornea
Keratitis
Cornea
Brushfield spots in Down’s Syndrome
Iris
Fuchs’ dystrophy
(Fewks)
Cornea
Bowman’s membrane protects this structure
Cornea
