Science 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

A

Newton’s first law of motion states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.

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2
Q

Define ‘biodiversity’ and its importance.

A

Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth. It is important because it boosts ecosystem productivity and resilience.

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3
Q

What is the pH scale used to measure?

A

The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, with 0 being highly acidic, 7 neutral, and 14 highly alkaline.

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4
Q

Describe the structure of an atom.

A

An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals.

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5
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes using biotechnology.

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6
Q

Explain the water cycle and its components.

A

The water cycle includes the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection.

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7
Q

How does photosynthesis differ from cellular respiration?

A

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their food using sunlight, while cellular respiration is the process of breaking down food to release energy.

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8
Q

What are the primary functions of the liver?

A

The primary functions of the liver include detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of chemicals necessary for digestion.

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9
Q

What is a light year and what does it measure?

A

A light year is a measure of distance and it represents the distance that light travels in one year.

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10
Q

Define the term ‘hormone’.

A

A hormone is a chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.

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11
Q

What is the Big Bang theory?

A

The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the birth of the universe, suggesting it expanded from a very high-density and high-temperature state.

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12
Q

Describe the process of nuclear fission.

A

Nuclear fission is the process of splitting a large atomic nucleus into smaller particles, releasing energy.

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13
Q

What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?

A

Chlorophyll is a green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis.

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14
Q

Explain the principle of Archimedes’ law.

A

Archimedes’ law states that the upward buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid the body displaces.

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15
Q

What causes tides in the Earth’s oceans?

A

Tides are caused by the gravitational forces exerted by the moon and the sun and the rotation of the Earth.

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16
Q

How do vaccines differ from antibiotics?

A

Vaccines stimulate the immune system to protect against specific infections, while antibiotics are drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

17
Q

What is a compound in chemistry?

A

A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.

18
Q

Explain the concept of natural selection.

A

Natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

19
Q

What is a black hole?

A

A black hole is a region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.

20
Q

Describe the function of the kidneys in the human body.

A

The kidneys remove waste products and excess fluid from the body, balancing salt and mineral levels in the blood.

21
Q

What are asteroids, and where are they primarily located?

A

Asteroids are small rocky bodies orbiting the sun, primarily found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

22
Q

How does a reflex arc work?

A

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex, an immediate response to a stimulus without conscious thought.

23
Q

What is the difference between a metal and a non-metal?

A

Metals are typically malleable, ductile, and conduct electricity and heat well, whereas non-metals are often brittle and poor conductors.

24
Q

Explain the concept of plate tectonics.

A

Plate tectonics is a scientific theory explaining the movement of the Earth’s lithosphere, which is divided into tectonic plates.

25
Q

What is an ecosystem service?

A

Ecosystem services are the benefits provided by ecosystems to humans, which include air and water purification, pollination of crops, climate regulation, and nutrient cycling.