Science 1 Flashcards
What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?
Primary Function of DNA: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses.
Describe the process of photosynthesis.
Process of Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae, and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion?
Newton’s Third Law of Motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that for every force exerted by one body on another, there is an equal force exerted by the second body on the first.
How do tectonic plates affect the geography of the Earth?
Tectonic Plates and Geography: Tectonic plates are large slabs of Earth’s lithosphere that move over the asthenosphere. Their movement shapes the Earth’s geography, leading to the formation of mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes.
What is the difference between a chemical and a physical change?
Chemical vs. Physical Change: A chemical change results in the formation of new substances, while a physical change alters the form or appearance of a material but does not make any new substance.
Explain the role of enzymes in the human body.
Role of Enzymes: Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in the human body, speeding up chemical reactions necessary for cells to function and survive.
What is a light year and what does it measure?
Light Year: A light year is a unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year, about 9.46 trillion kilometers or 5.88 trillion miles.
Define an ecosystem and give an example.
Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. Example: a forest.
What are the three states of matter?
Three States of Matter: Solid, liquid, and gas.
How does the greenhouse effect contribute to global warming?
Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming: The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases (like CO2 and methane) in Earth’s atmosphere trap heat, leading to a gradual increase in the planet’s temperature, known as global warming.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Law of Conservation of Mass: This law states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.
What are renewable and non-renewable resources? Give examples.
Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Resources: Renewable resources can be replenished naturally over time (e.g., solar energy), while non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replenished (e.g., fossil fuels).
What is the pH scale and what does it measure?
pH Scale: The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, below 7 acidic, and above 7 basic.
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Difference Between Speed and Velocity: Speed is the rate of change of distance with time, regardless of direction, while velocity includes both the speed and direction of an object’s movement.
Describe the structure of an atom.
Structure of an Atom: An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals.
