SCIENCE 3RD PERIODICAL EXAM

Question 1

Is a network of glands and organs located throughout the body and uses chemical messengers called hormones.

Answer 1

Endocrine system

Question 2

Uses nerve impulses and neurotransmitters for communication

Answer 2

Nervous system

Question 3

regulating a range of bodily functions through the release of hormones

Answer 3

Endocrine system

Question 4

are secreted by the glands of the endocrine system

Answer 4

Hormones

Question 5

It produces hormones that help turn the other endocrine glands in your body on and off. It is the link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Answer 5

Hypothalamus

Question 6

The hypothalamus communicates with the pituitary gland through nerve impulses and hormones. The hormones it produces affect growth and reproduction.

Answer 6

Pituitary

Question 7

It produces melatonin, which regulates body rhythms and sleep pattern.

Answer 7

Pineal

Question 8

is located just under the larynx or voice box. It’s very important for metabolism.

Answer 8

Thyroid

Question 9

It is part of the body’s emergency team. Whenever you are in dangerous situation, the senses signals to the brain that alerts the body and warns you of danger.

Answer 9

Adrenal

Question 10

It produces two type of hormones Insulin and glucagon. Its endocrine function involves controlling blood sugar levels.

Answer 10

Pancreas

Question 11

are collectively called the human reproductive organs. Produces sex hormones.

Answer 11

Gonads

Question 12

Each hormones that a particular endocrine gland produces or secretes contains instructions that are specific to a certain cell type, they bind to and are enacted by specific cells called

Answer 12

Target cells (cytoplasm or cell membrain

Question 13

detect and adjust the amount of hormones circulating in the blood or the mount of other chemicals produced by an initial hormone action.

Answer 13

Feedback mechanism

Question 14

This mechanism increases deviation of the hormone level from the normal level as needed by the body in a certain situation.

Answer 14

Positive feedback

Question 15

This type of feedback brings things back to normal whenever they start to become too extreme.

Answer 15

Negative feedback

Question 16

plays a vital role in feedback mechanism by removing hormones from the blood and breaking them after they have fulfilled their purpose.

Answer 16

Liver

Question 17

Helps maintain the homoestasis (balance) inside the body

Answer 17

Nervous system

Question 18

is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.

Answer 18

Neuron

Question 19

contains the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 19

cell body

Question 20

extends from the cell body and often gives rise to many smaller branches before ending at nerve terminals

Answer 20

axon

Question 21

extend from the neuron cell body and receive messages from other neurons. are covered with synapses formed by the ends of axons from other neurons

Answer 21

Dendrites

Question 22

are the contact points where one neuron communicates with another

Answer 22

synapses

Question 23

Nerve cells are the basic elements of the nervous system

Answer 23

neurons

Question 24

main processing center of the cell

Answer 24

cell body

Question 25

thin branching extensions of the cell body that conduct nerve impulses toward the body

Answer 25

dendrites

Question 26

A single branch (in most neuron) which conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body

Answer 26

axon

Question 27

Three types of neurons

Answer 27

sensory, motor, and interneurons

Question 28

are triggered by physical and chemical inputs from your environment. Sound, touch, heat, and light are physical inputs. Smell and taste are chemical inputs

Answer 28

Sensory neurons (afferent neurons)

Question 29

play a role in movement, including voluntary and involuntary movements

Answer 29

Motor neuron

Question 30

are neural intermediaries found in your brain and spinal cord. They’re the most common type of neuron

Answer 30

Interneurons

Question 31

The messages carried by neurons are called

Answer 31

Nerve impulses

Question 32

made up of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 32

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 33

made up of all the nerves that lead into and out of the CNS

Answer 33

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 34

responsible for higher neural functions, such as memory, learning, and emotion

Answer 34

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 35

is the important and delicate organ that is protected by and encased in a bone called skull

Answer 35

brain

Question 36

refer to when they see a picture of the brain. intelligence, learning, judgement

Answer 36

cerebrum

Question 37

balance, coordination, and posture

Answer 37

cerebellum

Question 38

digestion. connects spinal cord to the rest of the brain

Answer 38

brain stem (medulla oblongata)

Question 39

Three layers that cover the brain and spinal cord

Answer 39

Meninges

Question 40

a system, carries sensory and motor information between the central CNS and all other organs of the body

Answer 40

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 41

the part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for carrying motor and sensory information both to and from the central nervous system (CNS).

Answer 41

Somatic nervous system

Question 42

is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.

Answer 42

autonomic nervous system

Question 43

restores the body to a calm and composed state and prevents it from overworking

Answer 43

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 44

prepares the body for fight and flight response during stressful situations.

Answer 44

sympathetic nervous system