Science 2: Properties of Matter Flashcards
What are the 3 types of properties of matter?
- Extensive physical: these depend on amounts of mass, weight, volume, shape, length, height, etc.
- Intensive physical: these do not depend on amounts, and include color, texture, hardness, magnetism, how much they bend (malleability), etc.
- Chemical: these are changes in substance, and include whether something burns (combustible), reacts to oxygen (oxidize), reacts to water, reacts to acid
What are some ways to observe physical properties of matter?
Properties are observable, so you can observe by doing the following:
- Use your senses to directly observe properties (for example seeing the color or touching the hardness).
- Use tools to measure properties (for example using a ruler to measure length, using a scale to measure weight).
- Observe how a material interacts with another, especially how a material conducts heat or electricity (for example wood does not conduct electricity while metal does).
- Observe whether a material is magnetic (for example steel is magnetic while brass is not).
- You can observe whether a material is soluble (for example salt will dissolve in water while pepper will not).
What can you learn by observing physical properties of different matter?
The different physical properties of matter can be used to tell them apart.
The more physical properties you know about a material, the easier it is to identify what it is.
True or false: all matter is made of elements
True
True or false: atoms of each element are different from atoms of every other element
True
What are the 3 parts of an atom?
Proton, electron and neutron
If atoms are made of parts such as electrons and protons, why are atoms the smallest unit of matter?
Parts of atoms such as electrons, protons and neutrons generally cannot exist on their own and cannot make other structures other than atoms.
Atoms can make other structures, so that’s why atoms can be thought of as building blocks of matter.
What are the electric charges of each part of the atom?
Neutron: no charge
Proton: positive
Electron: negative
How are elements of the Periodic Table organized?
The number of protons that an atom of an element has will determine how many electrons are attracted to that atom. And in turn, the number of electrons of an element will determine their physical and chemical properties.
That’s why the Periodic Table organizes elements by the number of protons are in an atom of that element.
What information does the Period Table provide for each element?
Atomic number
Symbol
Name
Chemical group block
What is the nucleus?
It’s the middle of an atom where the protons and neutrons are
How many electrons can fit in each of the first 3 shells?
Electrons will form shells (or layers) around an atom’s nucleus. The number of electrons in each layer depends on the energy level of electrons.
1st shell: 2 electrons
2nd shell: 8 electrons
3rd shell: 18 electrons
1) Do electrons fill the higher or lower shells first?
2) Do electrons in shells closer to the nucleus have higher or lower energy?
1) Lower shells. Once filled, then electrons go the next higher shall.
2) Lower energy
What 2 things do atoms want, and how do they get them?
1) They want a net charge of zero (same number of electrons and protons)
2) They do not want incomplete shells of electrons (they want either completely empty or completely full shells)
To reach these goals, atoms will share electrons with one another, letting electrons fill the outer shells of two different atoms at the same time.
When 2 atoms share electrons, they form bonds to join together to form molecules.
True or false: some atoms will accept an electric charge by giving away or accepting a few electrons to either fill their outer shells fully or having them completely empty.
True
