Science

Question 0

Relief

Answer 0

Difference between high and low elevations

Question 1

Elevation

Answer 1

The height something rises/ is elevated to

Question 2

Slope

Answer 2

Steep slope, contour lines are close together

Question 3

Contour interval

Answer 3

Difference in elevation between contours, space between lines must be equal

Question 4

Prime meridian

Answer 4

Vertical line separating eastern and western parts of earth

Question 5

Equator

Answer 5

Horizontal line separating, northern/southern hemispheres

Question 7

Lithosphere

Answer 7

Earths solid surface, oceanic/continental crusts, layers of earths interior

Question 8

biosphere

Answer 8

all life on earth
life zone on our planet- distinguishes from other planets
living things create ecological communities with surroundings- biomes

Question 9

hydrosphere

Answer 9

all water on earth
liquid, gaseous water
3% fresh water
97% salt water

Question 10

atmosphere

Answer 10

gaseous sphere
envelopes earth
upper portion absorbs and emits heat- protecting biosphere from uv rays
lower portion when air temp. changes weather occurs

Question 11

cryosphere

Answer 11

earths surface where water is solid
snow, ice, glaciers, ice bergs
polar regions

Question 12

anthrosphere

Answer 12

everything made by man

Question 13

latitude

Answer 13

flat, horizontal

360 degrees

Question 14

longitude

Answer 14

vertical, up and down

highest point- 90 degrees

Question 15

properties of minerals

Answer 15

color
luster
hardness
streak
fracture/cleavage
crystal shape
effervescence
fluorescence

Question 16

mineral (definition)

Answer 16

occurs in nature
inorganic compound
solid
Chemical composition, fixed structure (always the same)
non living

Question 17

explosive

Answer 17

felsic
high viscosity
strato, caldera, dome, cinder cone
high silica
trapped gases
light colored
low density
pyroclastic flow, ash cloud

Question 18

effusive

Answer 18

mafic 
lower viscosity
shield, cinder cone
low silica
a'a, pahoehoe, pillow
escaped gases
high density
ocean crust
dark color
liquidy

Question 19

earths layers (center to outside)

Answer 19

inner core- solid
outercore- liquid
mesosphere- solid
asthenophere- solid, ductile
upper mantle- brittle
ocean crust
continental crust

upper mantle, ocean, continental crust- lithosphere

Question 20

texture (igneous rocks)

Answer 20

intrusive-
large
phaneritic
formed underground

extrusive-
small
aphanitic
formed above ground

Question 21

mineral composition (igneous rocks)

Answer 21

felsic-
high silica
light color
low density

mafic-
low silica
dark color
high density

Question 22

ways magma forms

Answer 22

spreading ridges
subduction zones
hot spots- magma plume from mantle (hawaii)

Question 23

convection current

Answer 23

hot goes up, cold goes down

reason for plate movement

Question 24

sedimentary rock formation

Answer 24

weathering- breaking down into sediments
erosion- transportation of sediments
deposition- layering of sediments
compaction- squeezed together
cementation- gluing together of sediments by silica and calcite

Question 25

stalactite vs stalagmite

Answer 25

from water on the ceiling
stalactites water drips down, stays on ceiling
stalagmites water falls to ground, grows up

Question 26

density, mass, volume

Answer 26

mass over volume= density
mass over density= volume
density times volume= mass

Question 27

sedimentary rock types

Answer 27

organic- made from living things
chemical- made from precipitates
clastic- made from sediments

Question 28

sed rocks features

Answer 28

crossbedding
ripple marks
mudcracks
fossils
stratification

Question 29

weathering

Answer 29

physical- breaks down into smaller pieces
eg. exfoliation, freeze thaw, ice wedging, pressure release, abrasion
biological- plant roots, animals
chemical- dissolving, rusting
eg. acid rain, oxidizing

Question 30

factors that affect weathering

Answer 30

surface area
composition
climate

Question 31

erosion and deposition

Answer 31

4 agents: water, wind, ice, gravity
loads: dissolved- composed of ions, precipitates
suspended- sediments carried as solids
bed- particles too large are pushed along stream bed
settling fast- big size, very round, very dense

Question 32

bowens reaction series

Answer 32

mafic rocks need hotter temp. to stay melted so they stay down and felsic goes up bc they don’t need hot temps.