science Flashcards
what is energy?
the ability to do work
what is power
the rate at which energy is used (speed) measured in watts
what are the two types of energy
kinetic and potential energy
what is kinetic energy
the energy of motion, depends on how fast something is moving
formula = KE = 1/2 * mass * velocity².
More velocity = more kinetic energy.
Potential Energy (PE):
- Stored energy. It’s energy that can be used later.
- Depends on height and position.
-Formula: GPE = mass * gravity * height.
what is GPE
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is a type of potential energy that depends on height (how far above the ground).
what is an energy transformation
when one form of energy goes to another form
Example: A roller coaster goes up (potential energy), then comes down (kinetic energy).
CEMENT
C: Chemical Energy (energy stored in bonds between atoms, like in food or fuel).
E: Electromagnetic Energy (energy from light, radio waves, etc.).
M: Mechanical Energy (energy of movement and sound).
E: Electrical Energy (energy from moving electrons).
N: Nuclear Energy (energy stored in the nucleus of atoms).
T: Thermal Energy (energy from the motion of molecules, heat).
real life examples of cement
Chemical Energy: Food, batteries, fuel.
Electrical Energy: Lightning, powering a phone.
Mechanical Energy: A moving car, a swinging pendulum.
Electromagnetic Energy: Light from a lamp, radio signals.
Nuclear Energy: Energy in the Sun, nuclear power plants.
Thermal Energy: Hot stove, fire.
What happens to mechanical energy due to friction?
Friction often turns mechanical energy into thermal energy (heat).
What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
Energy can’t be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred.
What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
How easy is it to destroy energy?
Energy is hard to destroy but easy to transfer or transform.
What does “What goes in, must come out” mean in terms of energy?
The energy you put into a system will equal the energy that comes out, just in different forms.
what are fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels (like coal, oil, and natural gas) store the Sun’s energy from ancient plants and animals.
single energy transformation ex.
A lightbulb turns electrical energy into light energy.
double transformation ex.
A car engine turns chemical energy from fuel into mechanical energy (movement) and thermal energy (heat).
what is combustion
is when something burns, and energy is released, usually in the form of heat and light.
what is the difference between fission and fusion
Fusion-come together
Fission- come apart
formulas?
KE= 1/2 * m * v²
GPE= m * grav.* height
ME = KE + PE
What does gravitational potential energy (GPE) depend on?
Gravitational potential energy depends on height.
What does kinetic energy (KE) depend on?
Kinetic energy depends on speed (velocity).
What happens to GPE and KE when a ball is at the top of a hill?
The ball has high GPE and low KE at the top of the hill.
What happens to GPE and KE when a ball is rolling down a hill?
The ball has low GPE and high KE while rolling down the hill.
