q2 exam Flashcards by Eleanor Okyere-Yeboah

premable

An introduction to a declaration, constitution, or other official document

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natural rights

Rights that belong to all people from birth

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unalienable rights

Rights that cannot be taken away

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calvary

Troops on horseback

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siege

To surround and blockade an enemy town or position with troops in order to force it to surrender

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guerilla

A fighter who uses hit-and-run attacks

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ratify

To approve

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According to Thomas Jefferson, what “unalienable rights” do all people have? do all people have?

life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

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In Common Sense, Thomas Paine argued that the colonies..

had no obligation to remain under british rule

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According to the Declaration of Independence, the purpose of government is to..

protect the natural rights of the people

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What is a grievance listed in the Declaration of Independence?

taxation without representation

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Those who wanted to remain with the British and seek a peaceful solution were called

Loyalists

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Someone who favored war against the British were called

Patriots

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What is not a reason why the Americans beat the british

military experience and training

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Which of the following was a STRENGTH of the British during the American Revolution?

their soldiers were well trained and experienced

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During which battle did Washington lead troops across the Delaware River on Christmas night and defeated a group of Hessians?

Trenton

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This first major battle of the American Revolution proved that the Americans could fight bravely and that the British would not be easy to defeat.

Bunker Hill

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Which battle was a major turning point because it resulted in an alliance with France?

Saratoga

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What battle marked the end of the Revolutionary War where Cornwallis was trapped on peninsula by American and French forcing him to surrender?

Yorktown

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In what ways did women contribute to the American Revolution?

washed clothes, cared for the wounded, some joined men on the battle field

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Why did many African Americans support the British in the Revolutionary War?

they were offered freedom

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One result of the Treaty of Paris 1783 was that

Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation

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Who tried to win the support of Native Americans during the Revolutionary War.

Both British and Americans

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“shot heard round the world.”

battle of lexington and concord

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In that one washington picture, what battle is it?

Trenton

In that one washington picture, who is in the picture?

American colonists united in the fight for freedom

constitution

document that sets out basic laws, principles, organization, and process of government.

Articles of Confederation

the first plan of government for the U.S. that created a loose alliance of states

ceded

gave up

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

law set up a government for new territory and guaranteed rights for its citizens and prohibited slavery

compromise

each side gives up some of its demands to reach an agreement

Virginia Plan

two house legislature where seats would be awarded based on population

New Jersey Plan

equal representatives for each state

Great Compromise

a two houses where representation was based on population in the House of Representatives and each state had two senators in the Senate

Three-fifths Compromise

determined that 3/5 of slave population would be counted for representation

Slave Trade Compromise

amend

to change

Anti-federalists

those who wanted strong state governments, didn't support ratification

Federalists

Those who supported ratification of the Constitution, wanted a strong central government

Bill of Rights

created to protect people's basic rights from an abusive government

How many states had to ratify the Constitution before it could go into effect?

Which important amendments are found in the Bill of Rights?

second, first, fourth

Montesquieu's idea of separation of powers to prevent one person or group from gaining too much power influenced the Framers of the Constitution to

divide power among three branches

What aspect of the Romans did the Founding Fathers admire?

the republic

The opening words of the Constitution, "We the People" expresses the principle of:

popular sovereignty

Which of the following goals found in the Preamble means the armed forces protect U.S. citizens?

To provide for the common defense

The opening words of the Constitution, "We the People" expresses the principle of:

popular sovereignty

What goal found in the Preamble means the armed forces protect U.S. citizens?

To provide for the common defense

The three branches of government as described in Articles I–III of the Constitution illustrates the principle of

separation of powers.

Which goal found in the Preamble means the government has the responsibility to promote the well-being of all its citizens?

to promote the general welfare

How does the Constitution reflect the principle of federalism?

by dividing power between federal and state governments

Which principle says the government can only exercise the powers given to it by the Constitution?

limited government

Freedom of religion, freedom of speech and the right to a trial by jury reflect the principle of

individual rights

Who is head of the Legislative Branch?

Speaker of the House

How many members are in the House of Representatives and Senate?

House 435 / Senate 100

All of the following are qualifications to be President EXCEPT

be extremely rich

Republicanism is when

citizens elect representatives to carry out their will

Which part of the Constitution guarantees and protects individual rights?

Bill of Rights

Which principle means that each branch can check or limit the power of the other branches?

checks and balances

powers of congress

A. to make laws B. declare war C. coin money

The head of the Judicial Branch is the

Supreme Court

What is the term for a U.S. Senator?

six yrs

How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?

How are justices selected to serve on the Supreme Court?

they are appointed by the President

After a bill passes the House and Senate

the President may sign or veto it

What is the role of the Supreme Court?

A. to serve as the nation's highest court B. to interpret the Constitution C. to hear cases appealed from the lower courts

How long is a President's term?

4 yrs

What is the purpose of the Cabinet?

to serve as advisors to the President

who can serve in office for life?

Supreme Court justices

Which power of the President involves being in charge of the armed forces?

serve as commander in chief

who can only declare war

congress

is there a limit to how long a president can serve in office

yes

The powers of the President include

A. signing bills into law B. granting federal pardons C. negotiating treaties with foreign nations