Science Flashcards
What cycle is primarily conducted in soil and plants?
Phosphorous cycle
What is the Clean air and water act?
An act made in 1948 that focuses on maintaining clean air and water.
What process describes intake of oxygen to convert glucose into energy
Respiration
What is the first species to colonize an area primarily succession are known as?
Pioneer Species
What are the positive ecological interactions between organisms.
Commensalism and mutualism
What is The mass expansion of urban areas that rapidly destroys surrounding environments
Urban sprawl
What percentage of the earth do rain forest cover?
6%
Breaking up habitats so they can no longer remain functional is called?
Habitat Fragmentation
Act of complete loss of habitat through direct human involvement is called?
Habitat Destruction
Act of polluting a habitat until the quality of the habitat can no longer support life is called?
Habitat Degradation
What habitats does grassland typically exist between?
Forest & Desserts
What is the Farm bill?
An act created in 1933, this act provides incentives for landowners to conserve grasslands habitats
What are controlled fires and are created by experts to clear fire fuel?
Prescribed burns
What are decaying grass roots that enrich the soil, making this biome’s soil the most fertile?
Temperate Grasslands.
what invasive species destroys young trees and causes soil erosion in forest habitats.
Feral hogs
What percentage of the earth do grass lands cover?
40-45%/ 20-40%
What evergreen trees dominate the boreal forest?
Coniferous trees
what are wetlands classified by woody plants, slow-moving water, and low oxygen soil?
Swamps
What is the Duck stamp act?
An act made in 1934, that funds wildlife refuges.
What do wetlands filter to protect freshwater quality?
Sedimentation
What percentage of fresh water is trapped in glaciers or underground aquifers?
99%
What are the factors that the wetlands are classified by?
Hydrological regime, vegetation cover, and landscape position.
What is the maximum population size of a species habitat can support?
Carrying capacity
What term refers to the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per unit of time
Death rate
What is method of measuring populations records signs of animals, such as tracks and droppings?
The index of population size
What is a fertility control type of method for managing wildlife populations?
Non-lethal
What is a principle that states that fish and wildlife belong to all North American citizens?
A Public Trust Doctrine
Ecosystem management was broadened by what establishment 1978?
Conservation Biology
What does not conduct nitrogen fixation?
Humans
What does not influence and organisms niche?
Commensalism
What is known for causing primary succession?
Glacier movement
What is the positive ecological interactions between organisms?
Mutualism
What is not a category of wetland biome?
Tropical
Tourism and recreation are examples of what services provided by habitats
Cultural
What services are natural processes the habitat facilitates to maintain the conditions of the earth, such as oxygen production and nutrient cycling?
Supporting
What services are natural processes the habitat regulates, such as biological control of predator and prey populations and prevention of soil erosion?
Regulating
What services are products obtained from a habitat; used every day, such as food, water, wood and oil?
Provisional
What contains over half of all species of plants and animals on the planet?
The rain forest
What is most likely be found in a bog?
Carnivorous plants
What habitat would heavy grazers and burrowing animals most likely be found?
Grasslands
Contains Evergreen trees
Taiga
Various species of grasses
Grasslands
Large evergreen trees, vines, ferns and mosses
Tropical rain forest
Mosses and lichen
Tundra
Trees with color-changing leaves such as oak, maple and beech
Deciduous forest
Plants with shallow widespread roots and thick leaves
Desserts
What is the Homestead act?
An act made in 1862, that encouraged settlers to move west and provided free acreage to those who made
the journey.
What is a service the forest does not provide?
Replenishing carbon dioxide
A forest habitat which undergoes fragmentation can lose up to 45 percent of its biodiversity? (T/F)
True
How many acres of tree-covered land is considered in risk of mortality?
81 million
Order these top to bottom: canopy, herb layer, forest floor, understory, shrub layer
Canopy
Understory
Shrub layer
Herb layer
Forest floor
What is tillage primarily used for?
Control weeds and aerate soil.
What services do Grasslands provide?
Store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, Filter runoff from precipitation, Provide very important habitat for wildlife, Build deep and rich soils
Where are savannas typically found?
Africa, Australia and South America.
What is not a main threat which plagues grasslands today?
Lasting effects of the Dust Bowl.
When topsoil is lost, the loss is fairly permanent because the process to create just three centimeters of
topsoil takes about 1,000 years. (T/F)
True
What is the specific mission of the Natural Resources Conservation Service?
To conserve soil for agriculture production.
Hurricanes do less financial damage, flood further inland and displace more people when coasts are heavily
developed.
False
What are levees are most commonly used for?
Stopping water from naturally changing course.
Why are wetlands economically important?
Wetlands provide both commercial and recreational fisheries.
What are the two main causes of wetland degradation?
Sedimentation and Soil runoff
What are wetlands not critical for?
Developing agriculture land
What president enacted the Farm bill?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
What is not a wetland?
Substrate
What does Biological productivity include?
Greater volume of food production for large food webs.
Put these in order from top to bottom: Agriculture/Irrigator,
Government/Municipal Landowner, Non-User/Care about existence
- Non-User/Care about existence
- Agriculture/Irrigator
- Government/Municipal Landowner
What allows organizations like farmers to be paid to reduce the amount of pollution they
discharge?
Water Quality Trading
Recreational activities generate how much money per year?
40 billion
The hooded warbler is a what wetland species?
Temporary
Which of the following best describes this image?
Base flow contribution
To be considered a wetland, the area must be covered in shallow water all year.
False
