science Flashcards
erosion
process by which sediment and other materials are moved from one place to another
deposition
process in which eroded material is dropped
floodplain
flat area of land formed from many layers of deposited sediment
delta
fan shaped pattern of deposited sediment load
alluvial fan
fan shaped deposit formed on land
groundwater
water located within rocks below Earth’s surface
shoreline
where land and a body of water meet
beach
area of shoreline made up of material deposited my waves and currents
sandbar
underwater or exposed ridge of sand, gravel, or shell material
barrier island
long narrow island usually made of sand that forms parallel to the shoreline a short distance off shore
gravity to gradient to discharge to load
gravity pulls water down to gradient
erosion to deposition
materials eroded and then deposited
what happens to sediment when streams slow
sediment stops and deposits around
role of stream erosion and deposition in building landforms
when a stream empties into another body of water and deposits its load
effects of erosion by groundwater
acidic groundwater shapes caves and sinkholes as well as permeability and porosity
how does erosion and deposition by waves and currents shape shorelines
create sandbars and push shorelines back + hurricanes destroy
how do sea caves form
when waves cut large holes into fractured or weak rock along the base of sea cliffs
how do sea arches form
when wave action erodes sea caves until a hole cuts through a headland
how do sea stacks form
when tops of sea arches collapse and leave behind isolated columns of rock
how do headlands form
when cliffs of hard rock erode more slowly than the surrounding softer rocks
how do wave-cut platforms form
when a sea cliffs is worn back from shore producing a nearly level platform beneath the water at the base of the cliff
