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grade 8 - 4th quarter > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin B2 Deficiency

A

Cheilosis
Digestive disturbances

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2
Q

Uses of fats?

A

metabolic processes
insulates our bodies
provides shock absorption

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3
Q

Vitamin C is also known as _______

A

Ascorbic acid

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4
Q

a complex carbohydrate, your body cannot break down most of these

A

fiber

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5
Q

A hollow organ or “container” that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes

A

Stomach

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6
Q

series of muscular contractions

A

peristalsis

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7
Q

Vitamin B12 is also known as _______

A

Cobalamin

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8
Q

Functions of Vitamin B12

A

proper formation of red blood cells
coenzyme in nucleic acid and protein synthesis

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9
Q

Molecules in food that nourish the body by providing energy and materials essential for growth and development

A

nutrients

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10
Q

Secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum that break down protein, fats and carbohydrates

A

Pancreas

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11
Q

How many calories a day does a male young adult must consume?

A

2200 to 2500 calories

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12
Q

what are the essential amino acids? (10)

A

Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine

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13
Q

6-foot long muscular tube

A

Large Intestine

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14
Q

Vitamin A is also known as _______

A

Carotene / Retinoids

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15
Q

A 2-inch canal consisting of the pelvic floor muscles and the two anal sphincters

A

Anus

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16
Q

Straight, 8-inch chamber

A

Rectum

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17
Q

cannot be stored in the body and must be supplied in the daily diet

A

water-soluble vitamins

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18
Q

can be stored in fats of the body

A

Fat-soluble vitamins

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19
Q

Functions of Vitamin B1

A

Coenzyme used in cellular respiration

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20
Q

complex carbohydrates, which are made of lots of simple sugars strung together

A

starches

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21
Q

Largest organ in the digestive system

A

Liver

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22
Q

disease caused by protein deficiency

A

Kwashiorkor

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23
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin H Deficiency

A

(vitamin H is rare in humans)
Dermatitis in rats and chickens

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24
Q
A
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25
Q

amino acids your body cannot make and must be consumed

A

essential amino acids

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26
Q

used by nutritionists to refer to the amount of energy found in food

A

Kilocalorie

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27
Q

what are the 7 nutrients?

A

carbohydrates
proteins
fats
vitamins
minerals
water
fiber

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28
Q

A nutrient your body needs to grow and repair cells, and to work properly

A

protein

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29
Q

Makes insulin passing it to the bloodstream

A

Pancreas

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30
Q

Functions of Vitamin C

A

prevents oxidation of cellular components
strengthens blood vessels
formation of connective tissues
development of healthy gums

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31
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin B9 Deficiency

A

kidney hemorrhage
anemia
defective intestinal absorption

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32
Q

3 parts of the Small Intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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33
Q

The liver is also known as the?

A

Body’s Chemical Factory

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34
Q

Process of Digestion

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion

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35
Q

what are the Fat-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A, E, D, K

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36
Q

stored energy found in food

A

Potential Chemical Energy

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37
Q

Vitamin B9 is also known as _______

A

Folic acid

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38
Q

also called simple carbohydrates

A

sugars

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39
Q

Vitamin K is also known as _______

A

Phylloquinone / Menadione

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40
Q

Functions of Vitamin K

A

prothrombin synthesis for blood clotting

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41
Q

how many amino acids do we have and must have?

A

20

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42
Q

Located in your throat near your trachea (windpipe)

A

Esophagus

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43
Q

chief hormone in your body for metabolizing sugar

A

Insulin

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44
Q

System used in the human body for the process of digestion

A

Digestive System

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45
Q

Process of passing the soluble food molecules in the wall of the small intestine through the villi.

A

Absorption

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46
Q

Functions of Vitamin B3

A

Coenzyme in cellular metabolism

47
Q

Most concentrated source of energy

A

Fats

48
Q

Minerals that are needed in small amounts

A

Iodine
Manganese
Zinc

49
Q

A 22-foot long muscular tube that breaks down food

A

Small Intestine

50
Q

breaks down food

A

Enzymes

51
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin B1 Deficiency

A

Beriberi
Nervous system degeneration

52
Q

This is from the liver secreted into the small intestine plays an important role in digesting fat and some vitamins

A

Bile

53
Q

Two types of digestions

A

Chemical and Mechanical Digestions

54
Q

Vitamin B2 is also known as _______

A

Riboflavin

55
Q

tiny, finger-like projections from the epithelial lining of the intestinal wall

A

Villi

56
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin C Deficiency

A

scurvy

57
Q

The process that involves break down or large food molecules into smaller molecules for easy absorption of the cells

A

Digestion

58
Q

also known as blood sugar. It is the main source of energy for your body’s cells and tissues

A

glucose

59
Q

Functions of Vitamin B9

A

coenzyme in the formation of heme in the red blood cells and nucleotides

60
Q

small doses

A

micronutrients

61
Q

other term for carbohydrates aside from carbs?

A

sugar molecules

62
Q

Receives stool from the colon

A

Rectum

63
Q

microscoping cellular membrane projections that serves to expand the surface area for diffusion

A

Microvili

64
Q

amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1C

A

Calorie

65
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin B6 Deficiency

A

Anemia dogs and pigs
Dermatitis in rats
Growth retardation in chickens

66
Q

examples of micronutrients

A

vitamins
minerals

67
Q

what are the water-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, C, and H

68
Q

Movement of digested food nutrients into the blood vessels of the small intestine through diffusion through the microvilli

A

Assimilation

69
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin D Deficiency

A

rickets
osteomalacia

70
Q

Vitamin H is also known as _______

A

Biotin

71
Q

all the chemical reactions taking place inside the organism’s body

A

Metabolism

72
Q

Other term for the Large Intestine

A

Colon

73
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin A Deficiency

A

Night blindess
Growth retardation
Xerophthalmia

74
Q

occurs mostly in the small intestine where several digestive juices aid in the chemical digestion of food

A

Absorption

75
Q

what are the building blocks of protein?

A

amino acids

76
Q

amino acids that can be made by your body

A

non-essential amino acids

77
Q

About 70 percent of your body weight is?

A

Water

78
Q

Vitamin B6 is also known as _______

A

Pyridoxine

79
Q

Parts of the Digestive System

A

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Liver
Pancreas
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus

80
Q

Are inorganic substances that do not provide energy

A

Minerals

81
Q

series of structures and organs through which food ad liquids pass

A

digestive tract

82
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

A

anemia

83
Q

How many calories a day does a female young adult must consume?

A

1800 to 2000 calories

84
Q

Complex organic molecules needed in small amounts and cannot be manufactured by the human body

A

vitamins

85
Q

4 Parts of the Large Intestine

A

Ascending (right) colon
Transverse (across) colon
Descending (left) colon
Sigmoid Colon

86
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin B3 Deficiency

A

Pellagra

87
Q

Functions of water

A

Improves brain function and mood
Acts as a shock absorber and a lubricant in the body
Helps flush out toxins
Carry nutrients to cells
Hydrate the body
Prevents constipation

88
Q

Vitamin E is also known as _______

A

Tocopherol

89
Q

Functions of vitamin E

A

proper red blood structure
muscle maintenance
coenzyme in krebs cycle

90
Q

Vitamin B1 is also known as _______

A

Thiamine

91
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin E Deficiency

A

degeneration of testes
failure of spermatogenesis
defective embryonic growth
muscular weakness
anemia

92
Q

Release of undigested food collected in the rectum called feces and pushed out of the body through the anus by defecation

A

Egestion

93
Q

Beginning of the digestive tract

A

Mouth

94
Q

Diseases in Case of Vitamin K Deficiency

A

Hemorrhage

95
Q

Minerals that are needed in large amounts

A

Calcium
Sodium
Chlorine
Phosphorus
Potassium
Iron

96
Q

there is obstruction within the arteries due to presence of plaque

A

atherosclerosis

97
Q

Takes up to _ hours to full digest the food inside the stomach

A

4

98
Q

Functions of Vitamin A

A

Good vision
Mantains integrity of epithelial tissues
Growth of skin cells

99
Q

Processes the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine

A

Liver

100
Q

Vitamin D is also known as _______

A

Calciferol

101
Q

other term for kwashiorkor

A

edematous malnutrition

102
Q

Connects small intestine to rectum

A

Large Intestine

103
Q

Vitamin B3 is also known as _______

A

Niacin

104
Q

Functions of Vitamin H

A

coenzyme in amino acid metabolism, fat synthesis and glycogen formation

105
Q

Functions of Vitamin D

A

promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus
bones and teeth formation

106
Q

Receives food from your mouth when you swallow

A

Esophagus

107
Q

Functions of Vitamin B2

A

Coenzyme in cellular respiration

108
Q

Processes waste so that emptying your bowels is easy and convenient

A

Large Intestine

109
Q

examples of macronutrients

A

protein
carbohydrates
fats

110
Q

The journey of taking in food or any substance into the body through the mouth

A

Ingestion

111
Q

Connects the colon to the anus

A

Rectum

112
Q

Functions of Vitamin B6

A

Coenzyme for amino acid metabolism

113
Q

eaten in large amounts

A

macronutrients

grade 8 - 4th quarter (7 decks)

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