Human Anatomy Flashcards
“”Wing-like” alae connect laterally with hip bones (forms sacroiliac joints)
sacrum
collection of 8 bones which hold and protect the brain
Cranium
has depressions that accept the occipital codyles (“yes nod”)
C1 - Atlas
The wall of a long bone consists of what tissue?
dense tissue
bone builders
osteoblasts
how many bones does the thoracic curvature have
12
Thought to be left over from when our ancestors had tails
coccyx
The skeletal system provides what for the body?
support and protection
skeleton of the extremities
Appendicular Skeleton
Found in skeleton where strength, compactness and limited movement are desired
Short bones
High water content
intervertebral discs
protect lungs and heart; gives intercostal muscles a hard surface to move against for breathing
ribs
What are the 2 paired bones in the Cranium
Parietal Bones
Temporal Bones
Usually small and round
Sesamoid (Round) Bones
Begins where skull meets spine
Cervical Curvature
first 7 pairs of ribs are called?
true ribs
What are the flat bones in the Cranium?
Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
pair of flat bones located on either side of the head
Parietal Bones
protects brain
skull
protect spinal chord; also serves to keep skeleton upright
vertebrae
Each bone is made of a body and two extremities. What are they called?
Diaphysis and epiphysis
How many bones does an adult have
206 bones
thin curved bones which project from interior of nasal cavity
inferior conchae
production of red blood cells, occurs within the marrow cavities
hematopoiesis
the sternum is surrounded by what?
costal cartilage
sends weight down to pelvis, where it is transmitted though the legs
spinal column
3 parts of the Axial Skeleton
Skull
Vertebrae
Ribs
cheekbones
zygomatic bones
what are the 5 functions of the skeletal system
Support
Protection
Hematopoiesis
Movement
Storage
How many total ribs do we have?
24
provides solid axis for muscles to act against, creating motion
storage
the coccyx is also known as the?
tailbone
Supports body
spinal column
forms roof of nasal cavity
ethmoid bone
how many vertebraes does the Lumbar Curvature have
5 vertebraes
Location for rib attachment
sternum
The process by which bones increase in diameter is called?
Appositional growth
Increase in physical exertion on bone tissue actually increases?
bone density and strength
central skeleton that protects and supports vital organs
Axial Skeleton
What are the type of bones?
Long bones
short bones
flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones
where disc protrudes from spine
Herniated (Slipped) Disc
factors which contribute to bone growth
Nutrition
Exposure to sunlight
Hormonal secretion
Physical exercise
2 divisions of the skull
Cranium
Facial Bones
unpaired flat bone that makes up the forehead and upper part of the eye sockets
Frontal Bone
skeletal muscles, attached to the bones by tendons, use bones as levers to move the body and its parts
movement
how many bones does a baby have?
300 bones
acts as pivot point for skull (“no” head shake)
C2 - axis
Examples of Irregular Bones
vertebrae
sphenoid
hyoid
What are the Facial Bones
Mandible
Maxillary Bones (maxillae)
Palatine Processes
Zygomatic Bones
Lacrimal Bones
Ethmoid Bone
Nasal Bones
Vomer
Inferior Conchae
What are the 4 divisions of the spinal column?
Cervical Curvature
thoracic curvature
lumbar curvature
pelvic
- sacrum
- coccyx
1 bone formed by fusion of 3 vertebrae
Coccyx
Found in the limbs
Long bones
Fusion of three bones
sternum
unpaired flat bone found at the back of the skull
Occipital Bone
UV light on the skin causes what Vitamin production?
Vitamin D
Increased blood calcium triggers release of what?
Calcitonin
Interconnected system of bones, ligaments and tendons
Skeletal System
What are the Cranium Bones?
Ethmoid Bone
Temporal Bones
Sphenoid Bone
Frontal Bone
Occipital Bone
Parietal Bones
connects skull to pelvis
spinal column
inferior section of orbital bones provides passageway for tears
lacrimal bones
where are true ribs attached to
attached directly to sternum
What are the irregular bones in the cranium?
Ethmoid
Temporal
Sphenoid
3 parts of the sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid
paired bone, located under each of the parietal bones. Irregular bone
Temporal Bone
intervertebral discs Provides ____; reduces _____
cushioning; shock
lower jaw bone
mandible
Example of Round Bone
Patella (knee cap)
bones such as skull provide barrier of protection from external forces
protection
Bones which don’t fit into other categories due to irregular shapes
Irregular Bones
Makes up posterior wall of pelvis
sacrum
2 divisions of the Skeletal System
Axial
Appendicular
divides nasal cavity in half
vomer
Central canal called _____ is filled with marrow
medullary canal
Made of bones which connect and protect heart and lungs
Bony Thorax
point of attachment of ribs
costal demifacet
what are the last 5 pairs of the ribs called?
false ribs
bone-destroying cells
osteoclasts
How many vertebraes does the cervical curvature have?
7
As you age, water content ___, drying discus
lowers
This process of long-bone growth is controlled by which hormones
growth and sex hormones
The bony thorax is composed of what parts?
Ribs
Costal Cartilage
Sternum
forms bridge of nose
nasal bones
unpaired bone located in front of the sphenoid bone that forms a part of the nasal cavity
Ethmoid Bone
the spinal column has how many total bones?
26 total bones
2 examples of short bones
Tarsus (ankle)
Carpus (wrist)
fuse together to form upper jaw
Maxillary Bones (maxillae)
Where to each pair of ribs connect to?
A thoracic vertebrae
Bone production process gives bone extreme tensile and compressional strength
ossification
Sturdiest because under the most stress
lumbar curvature
Pads of cartilage between each vertebrae
intervertebral discs
14 bones that make up the face, all but 2 are paired
Facial Bones
1 bone composed of 5 fused vertebrae
sacrum
what are the last two pair of ribs?
they are floating / no sternal attachment
surrounds and protects spinal cord
spinal column
Used in sports where protection or muscular attachment is desired
Flat Bones
unpaired irregular bone located just below the frontal bone
Sphenoid Bone
directly posterior to maxillae; forms rear of hard palate
palatine processes
where do false ribs connect to?
they have indirect or no attachment
Examples of Flat bones
Most bones of the skull
Ribs
Sternum
fat is stored in the internal cavities of bones; store house for minerals (calcium and phosphorus)
storage
