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Science STAAR > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are galaxies

A

millions or billions of stars are held together by gravity by gas and dust

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2
Q

explain the life cycle of an average star

A

it starts in the stellar nebula and goes onto average star then red giant then planetary nebula then white dwarf

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3
Q

explain the life cycle of an massive star

A

it starts in the stellar nebula and goes onto massive star then red super giant then a supernova then black jole/ neutron star

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4
Q

what is a nebula

A

cloud of gas and dust —–> stellar nursery

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5
Q

what is a protostar

A

gravity makes gas condense gathering mass

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6
Q

how is a main sequence star in high and low mass

A

high- burns fuel faster(stars spend most of their time here)
low- once the temperature is hot enough it makes nuclear fusion

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7
Q

describe a supergiant

A

much larger than a red giant

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8
Q

describe a red giant

A

hydrogen fuel depleats care contracts outer expanders

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9
Q

describe a supernova

A

core collapses rapid fusion reaction explodes energy that makes heavy elements

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10
Q

describe a planetary nebula

A

the outer layers of the star sheds and creates a nebula of gas

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11
Q

white dwarf

A

dense, earth size, gradually cools

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12
Q

black hole

A

big fat hole that has so much gravity that light can’t escape

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13
Q

what does the tempature for stars mean

A

blue=hot red=warm

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14
Q

\what is the charge of protons neutrons and electrons and how do you find them

A

protons= positive
electrons= negative
neutrons=neutral
Atomic number=protons/electrons
Atomic mass- number= neutron

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15
Q

what is matter and 3 examples

A

anything that takes up space ex.: tree’s air dogs

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16
Q

what is volume

A

amount of space matter takes up

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17
Q

what is the difference between chemical change and physical

A

chemical is when the substance changes while physical changes appearence

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18
Q

what is force

A

A push or a pull on an object; the unit of force is the Newton (N)

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19
Q

what is the difference between contact and non contact force

A

Contact is morre Force-touching and a example is Physical Push or Pull,

Non-Contact is long distance pull-exerted without contact a example is Magnetism, Gravity

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20
Q

what is friction force

A

contact force that acts to oppose a sliding motion between surfaces

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21
Q

what is normal force

A

Contact force exerted by a surface onto an object

22
Q

what is spring/elastic force

A

the force a spring or rubber exerts on an object

23
Q

what is tension force

A

the pull exerted by a string, rope or cable when attached to a body and pulled tight

24
Q

what is thrust force

A

A general term for the forces that move objects such as rockets, planes, cars and people

25
Q

what is buoyant force

A

the upward force exerted by any fluid upon a body placed in it

26
Q

what is gravity/weight force

A

long range force due to gravitational attraction between 2 objects (generally the earth and a 2nd object). The Earth is pulling all objects on it toward it´s center.

27
Q

what is air resistance/drag force

A

force of friction between the air and an object traveling through the air

28
Q

what is magnetic force

A

force of attraction or repulsion between North and South Poles of a magnet

29
Q

what is Electrostatic force

A

force of attraction between positive and negative electric charges

30
Q

what is rate

A

a measurement of how much something changes in a certain unit of time

31
Q

what is speed and its formula

A

the distance an object travels in a unit of time, such as seconds
s=d/t

32
Q

what is velocity

A

a measurement that includes the speed of an object and its direction.

33
Q

what is acceleration

A

the rate of change of an object’s velocity over time.

34
Q

what is newtons 1st law

A
  • an object moving will keep moving
  • an object at rest will stay at rest
35
Q

what is newtons 2nd law

A

the acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force on the object.

35
Q

what is newtons 3rd law

A

“For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.”

36
Q

what are the layers of the earth

A

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

37
Q

what is the crust
and 2 types of it

A

the thin and solid outermost part of the Earth. Made mostly of silicon, oxygen, and aluminum. The thinnest layer of the Earth

Oceanic (the ocean floor) and Continental (dry land). Oceanic Crust is more dense and thinner than Continental crust.

38
Q

what is the mantle

A

the layer of the Earth right underneath the crust. It is the thickest and largest layer. Made of aluminum, silicon, magnesium, and some iron. The uppermost part of the mantle is solid. Most of the mantle thought has a fudgy consistency. It is where magma comes from.

39
Q

what is the outer core

A

layer of the Earth underneath the Mantle. Made of liquid iron and nickel.

40
Q

what is the inner core

A

innermost layer of the Earth under the outer core. It is made of solid iron and nickel. It is the densest layer of the Earth

41
Q

what is the lithosphere

A

the solid, outermost layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid solid upper part of the mantle.

42
Q

what is the asthenoshpere

A

the soft fudgy layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats on.

43
Q

what are convection currents

A

the transfer of heat by a fluid (liquid or gas)

44
Q

what are plate boundaires

A

Location where two tectonic plates meet

Changes to Earth’s surface occur near plate boundaries

45
Q

what are the different type of plate boundaries

A

3 types of plate boundaries – Convergent, Divergent, and Transform

46
Q

what is convergent boundry
and what happens when different types of crusts collide

A

When two plates are moving toward one another

Old crust is destroyed/recycled

This is when the plates converge (collide)

continental vs. continental
When two continental crustal plates collide
The continents buckle upward and form mountains.

oceanic vs.contienental

The more dense oceanic plate subducts under the less dense continental plate.
The continental plate sinks into the asthenosphere (upper mantle) where it is melted back into magma.
Forms volcanoes, volcanic arcs and/or trench.

oceanic vs. oceanic

Two oceanic plates collide
The more dense oceanic plate subducts under the less dense one.
Forms a volcanic island, volcanic island arc and/or a trench
Also called a subduction zone

47
Q

what is divergent boundary
and what happens when different types of crusts collide

A

When two plates are moving away from one another

Magma rises and spills out from under the plates, making new crust

Sometimes referred to as sea floor spreading

Land form(s) created: mid-ocean ridge or rift valley

continental vs. continental
When two continental crustal plates collide
The continents makes a ridge

48
Q

what is a transform boundry

A

When two tectonic plates slide past each other
Movement between two plates is not smooth; pieces of plates get “stuck”, when they break away from one another the built up energy is released
Produces faults and Earthquakes

49
Q

What is a tophographic map

A

three-dimensional arrangement of physical attributes (such as shape, height, and depth) of a land surface in a place or region.

50
Q

how does heat transfer to us and what is the main source

A

conduction convection radiation
our main source is the sun

Science STAAR (4 decks)

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