basics of the body Flashcards
anatomy
the study of structures of the body
physiology
the study of the functions of these structures
pathophysiology
when
why is anatomical position an important point of reference
it allows for specific communication about a location on/in the body
frontal/coronal plane
a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections
anterior
refers to the “head end” of the body (front)
Ventral
refers to the “belly” side of the body
posterior
refers to the tail end, rear of the body
dorsal
refers to the back of the body or the spinal column
mid-sagittal plane
a vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
sagittal plane
when the midsagittal plane is visualized on any part of the body other than the center
medial
near the midline or center of the body
lateral
near the side of the body farther from the midline
proximal
near the point of origin
distal
away from the point of origin
transverse plane
a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections
superior
located closer to the top of the head in relation to a specific reference point ton the body
inferior
located near the soles of the feet in relation to a particular reference point on the body
cephalic
related to the cranium of situated near the head
caudal
relating to or situated near the tail of inferior end of the body
cell
basic structural unit of the body
tissue
a combination of similar cells
organ
a collection of tissues working together to perform a particular function
body system
a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
organism
a life form made up of interdependent cells that work together to maintain life
carcinogen
cancer causing agent
Aplasia
condition where a cell, tissue, or organ does not grow or develop normally
carcinogenesis
development of cancer
chondrocyte
cartilage cell
extracellular
outside the cell
tissue
a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
histology
the study of the structure and function on tissues
pathologist
a physician who specializes in the study of disease examines the tissue or section of the organ under a microscope
integumentary system
protects the body by acting as a barrier against microorganisms that cause disease provides sensory information to the brain through nerve receptors in the skin
digestive system
responsible for the ingestion breakdown and absorption of nutrients and the removal of solid waste products from the body
lymphatic
works with the immune system to protect the body from micro organisms the cause diseases and maintains a proper balance of blood+lymphatic fluid
muscular
