Science Flashcards

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1
Q

During what phase do spindle fibers form

A

Prophase

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2
Q

What is the final phase of mitosis?

A

Telophase

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3
Q

Mitosis results in the form of what?

A

Two identical daughter cells

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4
Q

What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase

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5
Q

What is the main difference between animal and plant cells

A

Animal cells have a cell membrane, plant cells have a cell wall

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6
Q

During what phase do chromosomes first become visible

A

Prophase

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7
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?

A

To create two identical daughter cells and replace worn out or lost cells

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8
Q

What is the result of meiosis

A

Four different daughter cells

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9
Q

Meiosis has how many stages?

A

2

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10
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis?

A

To create gamete cells for sexual reproduction

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11
Q

What phase do chromosomes cross over?

A

Prophase

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12
Q

What is the final phase of meiosis?

A

Telophase stage 2

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13
Q

Describe two examples of technologies that humans use to select traits of organisms.

A
  1. Selective breeding: A way to select and breed living organisms to produce offspring with more desirable traits
  2. Genetic engineering: a process that changes the DNA of an organism directly.
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14
Q

Who were the earliest “Plant technologists” in North America?

A

The indigenous people

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15
Q

What crop did the indigenous people develop and how?

A

Corn from teosinte, they did it by using selective breeding

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16
Q

What are some advantages in biotechnology?

A

Resistance to disease, better taste or appearance, health improvements

17
Q

What are some disadvantages to biotechnology?

A

Weeds will become resistant to herbicide, reduction in genetic variation, genetic defects

18
Q

What is a fertilized egg called?

A

A zygote

19
Q

What are gametes?

A

Specialized sex cells

20
Q

What are male gametes?

A

Sperm cells

21
Q

What are female gametes?

A

Egg cells

22
Q

What does the fertilized egg implant itself in? Why?

A

The uterus lining, because of the warmth, moisture, and nutrition

23
Q

What must the male reproductive system do?

A

To maintain, produce, and transport sperm cells

24
Q

What must the female reproductive system do?

A

Create hormones and make it possible to get pregnant.

25
Q

During ovulation, how many eggs are generally released?

A

One

26
Q

How many sperm can fertilize an egg?

A

One

27
Q

What happens to the endometrial lining if the egg is not fertilized?

A

It will thicken and shed during menstruation

28
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28-29 days lasting for up to 2-7 days

29
Q

What is the purpose of IUD

A

To prevent pregnancy.

30
Q

Sex is determined by what at fertilization?

A

Determined by sex chromosomes in SPERM

31
Q

What are the two sex chromosomes

A

X and Y

32
Q

What is the female and male sex chromosome?

A

X = female
Y = male

33
Q

How is pregnancy divided?

A

In three trimesters

34
Q

How long does the fetus stage last for?

A

From 9th week until birth

35
Q

What are some lifestyle choices that can affect a developing fetus?

A

Smoking, drinking, drugs

36
Q

What is in-vitro fertilization?

A

When an egg and sperm cell are placed in a dish to become an embryo, later transfered into a uterus.

37
Q

Why would someone partake in in-vitro fertilization?

A

When people who want children struggle to get pregnant.