Science

Question 1

System

Answer 1

A combination of parts that work together to perform a task or function.

Question 2

Mechanical System

Answer 2

A combination of simple machines and motors that
performs one of more tasks.

Question 3

Physical System

Answer 3

A group of physical parts that work together to perform a
task.

Question 4

Social System

Answer 4

A number of people or organisms that interact together to perform tasks or to establish relationships.

Question 5

Automation

Answer 5

The use of largely automatic machines and processes in the production process.

Question 6

Block and tackle

Answer 6

A system of two or more pulleys with a rope or cable
threaded between them, usually used to lift or pull heavy loads.

Question 7

Compound/Complex Machine

Answer 7

A device that consists of two or more simple
machines used to perform a task.

Question 8

Component

Answer 8

A part of a machine or system.

Question 9

Efficiency

Answer 9

A measure of the useful work performed by a machine in relation
to the energy put into the machine – usually stated as a percentage. No
machine is 100% efficient since there is always friction.

Question 10

Force

Answer 10

Any push or pull. It can be a contact force or a Force at a distance.

Question 11

Friction

Answer 11

The force that is a result of rubbing of two materials passing in
contact with one another. It opposes motion and results in the generation of
heat and decreases the efficiency of a machine.

Question 12

Fulcrum.

Answer 12

The point or edge about which a lever rotates.

Question 13

Gear

Answer 13

A toothed wheel that works together with another to change the
direction or speed of rotational motion.

Question 14

Hydraulic

Answer 14

A mechanical function that operates through the force of liquid pressure.

Question 15

Inclined Plane or Ramp

Answer 15

A simple machine that consists of a slanted surface
that is taller or elevated at one end.

Question 16

Industry

Answer 16

The sum or totality (all) of manufacturing or technically productive enterprises in a particular field.

Question 17

Input

Answer 17

One or more things that are added to or used in creating something else (ingredients).

Question 18

Lever

Answer 18

A simple Machine made of a beam or rod that pivots on a hinge or fulcrum. There are three classes.

Question 19

Load Arm/Effort arm

Answer 19

The length of a lever from the fulcrum to the point the
load is located is the Load arm and the distance from the fulcrum to the point
of applied force is the effort arm.

Question 20

Wedge

Answer 20

A simple machine that has a shape of a triangular prism – with a sharp edge and a wider end.

Question 21

Machine

Answer 21

A mechanical device that is designed to accomplish a task.

Question 22

Mechanical Advantage

Answer 22

A measure of the ratio of the force produced by a
machine and the force applied to a machine. It is a measure of the
performance of a machine. MA = Output Force ÷ Input Force.

Question 23

Mass and Weight

Answer 23

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. Measured in grams
or kilograms. Weight is the force of gravity on a mass. On Earth, Mass and
weight are seen as the same but on other planets, or the moon, your weight
changes but your mass stays constant.

Question 24

Newton

Answer 24

The unit of force (N) – named after the scientist Sir Isaac Newton.

Question 25

Output

Answer 25

Things that are produced as a result of manufacturing or other process.

Question 26

Pneumatic

Answer 26

The science and technology of pressurized air. Pneumatics is a
branch of engineering that makes use of gas or pressurized air.

Question 27

Pulley

Answer 27

A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support
movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power
between the shaft and cable or belt.

Question 28

Screw

Answer 28

A simple machine consisting of a regular spiral thread wrapped
around a tapered or flat – ended cylinder. It is used to convert rotational
motion into linear motion or torque force into linear force.

Question 29

Simple Machine

Answer 29

One of six devices that are used to change the direction or magnitude of applied force. They include the lever, inclined plane, screw,
wedge, wheel and axle and pulley.

Question 30

Work

Answer 30

A measure of how much energy is used – it is the
product of an applied force over a distance. We use the formula: W = F x D

Question 31

Wheel and Axle

Answer 31

A machine consisting of a wheel attached to a smaller axle so that these two parts rotate together in which a force is transferred from
one to the other.