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Ult Study Christmas 2022 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Length

A

Standard unit = metre
instrument ruler

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2
Q

Volume

A

Amount of space it takes up
unit = metres cubed
instruments & methods - regular shape eg. cube is lengthXwidthXheight

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3
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in the object
standard unit kg
instrument = mass balance

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4
Q

Area

A

The amount of space enclosed within its boundary lines
standard unit metre squared
instrument = metre stick or trundle wheel

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5
Q

Rectangle formula

A

Length x width

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6
Q

Circle Formula

A

πr2 (Pi times the radius squared)

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7
Q

Triangle Formula

A

Half the base times the perpendicular height

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8
Q

Time

A

Unit = seconds
instrument = clocks
stopwatch or timer

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9
Q

Temperature

A

Unit = degrees Celsius
instrument = thermometer

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10
Q

Materials keywords

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas, Boiling Point, Melting Point, Freezing Point, Boiling, Melting, Condensation, Evaporation, Sublimation

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11
Q

Matter definition

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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12
Q

3 states of matter

A

Solid,
Liquid,
Gas

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13
Q

Matter is made of particles called?

A

Atoms

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14
Q

Particle Theory - Solids

A

Particles held together tightly don’t move,
Fixed pattern,
same shape,
tightly packed,
definite shape,
definite volume,
does not flow,
difficult to compress

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15
Q

Particle Theory - Liquid

A

No fixed pattern,
small spaces between them,
can slide over each other,
no definite shape,
definite volume,
difficult to compress,
flow easily

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16
Q

Particle Theory - Gas

A

Spreads out,
no pattern,
lots of space between,
no definite shape,
no definite volume,
easy to compress,
defuses to fill all available space

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17
Q

The Scientific Method

A

Find the question or problem,
Research information,
Hypothesis prediction,
Experiment to test the hypothesis,
Analise data,
Conclusion and communicate results

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18
Q

The individual parts of a cell are known as

A

Cell organelles

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19
Q

Structure of animal cells are

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Ribosome

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20
Q

Cell membrane

A

Allows substances in or out of the cell
Protects the cell
mostly made of fat
doesn’t allow everything through it
generally allows small substances through eg. water not large eg. protein

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21
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Watery fluid that organelles float in
mostly water with salts, glucose and other food materials in it

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22
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genes that control the cell
Carries chromosomes which are made up of genes that control the working of the cell

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23
Q

Genes are made of

A

DNA

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24
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Where energy is released in respiration
“power-house of the cell”
where food reacts with oxygen to release energy
This process is called respiration

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25
Q

Ribosome

A

where proteins are made
eg. hormone insulin; enzyme amylase; collagen for the skin

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26
Q

Organelles only found in Plant Cells

A

Cell Wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast

27
Q

Cell Wall

A

Support and protection
cellulose - a very strong substance giving great support and protection - fibre in food is cellulose

28
Q

vacuole

A

storage of food and water
a space within the cytoplasm where the cell can store substances

29
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis
the organelles in plants that contain the green chemical called chlorophyll.

30
Q

Chlorophyll

A

traps light energy to be used in photosynthesis

31
Q

Photosynthesis is

A

the way green plants make their own food using light
photo=light
synthesis=combine

32
Q

Why do we need a digestive system?

A

Each cell in our body needs food to carry out its functions
This food is delivered by the bloodstream
Food we eat is mostly in large particles
These large particles need to be broken down to fit in blood and through cell membranes

33
Q

a System is

A

a group of organs working together

34
Q

Digest

A

to break down large food particles to smaller particles

35
Q

Why do we need food?

A

Energy
Growth
Repair

36
Q

Food is not used in the digestive system - it is used

A

in the cells

37
Q

5 steps to provide nutrition for the body

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion

38
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking in food - eating

39
Q

Digestion

A

Breaking down the food

40
Q

Absorption

A

The food passing into the blood system

41
Q

Assimilation

A

The food being put to use by the cells eg. energy, growth, repair

42
Q

Egestion

A

Passing any unabsorbed food out in the form of faeces (POO!)

43
Q

Organs of the Digestive System

A

Mouth (with teeth)
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine (colon)
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

44
Q

Mouth (teeth)

A

Takes in food
Crush food with teeth
Amylase is added to food

45
Q

Oesophagus

A

Carry food down to stomach

46
Q

Stomach

A

Churn the food
Add acid to food

47
Q

Small intestine

A

Further digestion by enzymes
Absorption of digested food into the blood

48
Q

Large intestine (colon)

A

Water absorbed into the blood
Waste left prepared for egestion

49
Q

Salivary glands

A

Make saliva which contains the enzyme amylase to break starch down into smaller sugars

50
Q

Liver

A

Produces liquid Bile which helps digest fat
Regulates the amount of each food in the blood

51
Q

Gall bladder

A

Stores Bile from the Liver until it is needed

52
Q

Pancreas

A

Makes enzymes to break down food

53
Q

Amylase

A

an enzyme that breaks starch down to a sugar, maltose

54
Q

an Enzyme is

A

a chemical found in living organisms that speeds up chemical reactions

55
Q

Peristalsis is

A

a muscular movement that only occurs in the muscles of the digestive system
used to push the food along

56
Q

Teeth carry out

A

mechanical digestion

57
Q

Incisors

A

cut and slice food

58
Q

Canines

A

grip and tear food

59
Q

Premolars

A

chew and grind food

60
Q

Molars

A

chew and grind food

61
Q

Chemical breakdown of food in the digestive system is carried out by

A

enzymes

62
Q

The enzyme itself is not used up in the reaction - for this reason, it is known as a

A

catalyst

63
Q

any chemical reaction that takes place in a living organism is known as a

A

biochemical reaction

64
Q

an enzyme that breaks the maltose into glucose is

A

maltase

Ult Study Christmas 2022 (4 decks)

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