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Ult Study Christmas 2022 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

A
B
C
D

A

A Crust
B Mantle
C Outer Core
D Inner Core

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2
Q

Label the diagram of a volcano.

A
  1. Crater
  2. Central Vent
  3. Side Vent
  4. Cone
  5. Magma
  6. Lava
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3
Q

3 parts of the Life Cycle of the Volcano

A

Active
Dormant
Extinct

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4
Q

Active volcano

A

has erupted in the past 10,000 years
eg. Cotopaxi, Mount St. Helens

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5
Q

Dormant Volcano

A

has NOT erupted in past 10,000 years
eg Kilimanjaro, Mount Tabor

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6
Q

Extinct Volcano

A

never expected to erupt again
eg. Mount Kenya, Mount Warning

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7
Q

Mid-Ocean Ridge -

A

Found the middle Atlantic Ocean
Eurasian and Nth American plates slowly moving apart
Magma broke through - formed mountains and volcanoes

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8
Q

Example of volcanic island

A

Iceland

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9
Q

A volcanologist is

A

a scientist who studies volcanoes.
they study volcanic rock, ash & gases.
Monitor changes in shape of volcanoes to understand why & how they erupt and predict when they might erupt

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10
Q

Positive impact of volcanic eruption

A

Social Impact - Reduced unemployment Increased tourism
Economic Impact - Income generated through tourism,
Fertile soil

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11
Q

Negative impact of volcanic eruption

A

Social Impact - Contaminated water supply, Evacuation of locals
Economic Impact - Travel chaos, Loss of earings

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12
Q

Why does Iceland have so many active volcanoes?

A

Located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Convection currents pulling Nth American and Eurasian plates apart

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13
Q

An earthquake is…

A

the sudden shaking of the earth caused by the movement of the earth’s crust

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14
Q

Most earthquakes occur…

A

along the edges of large plates, where they are colliding or sliding past each other.

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15
Q

Seismologists are

A

scientists who study earthquakes

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16
Q

Earthquake focus is

A

place where earthquake begins beneath earths surface

17
Q

Shock Waves…

A

also called seismic waves
spread out in circles from the focus

18
Q

Epicentre

A

The point on earth’s surface directly above the focus
strength of quake is greatest here

19
Q

Fault

A

a large crack in the earth’s crust

20
Q

How is a tsunami triggered?

A

When an earthquake occurs under the sea

21
Q

Seismograph

A

an instrument used to measure and record an earthquake and how long it lasted

22
Q

Original scale used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake

A

Richter scale

23
Q

Richter scale goes from

A

1 to 8

24
Q

What replaced the Richter scale?

A

The moment magnitude scale 9MMS)

25
Q

MMS goes from

A

1 to 10

26
Q

How can we reduce earthquake damage?

A

Predict when it might occur
Plan for earthquakes
Construct earthquake-safe buildings

27
Q

How are fold mountains formed?

A

found on plate boundaries where 2 plates have collided
plates push against each other and pressure forces land to buckle upwards into folds

28
Q

Label the diagram

A
  1. Focus
  2. Shock Waves
  3. Epicentre
  4. Fault
29
Q

Rock’s are divided into 3 groups

A

igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

30
Q

How are igneous rocks formed and examples

A

Magma rise from mantle
some trapped below surface cools very slowly
known as intrusive igneous rock
magma that reaches the surface and cools becomes extrusive igneous rock
eg Granite and Basalt

31
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed and examples

A

Rocks on earth’s surface worn down over time
some broken pieces are dropped in layers on sea floor
become pressed together mixed with dead sea creatures become sedimentary rock
eg. Sandstone and Limestone

32
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed and examples

A

When igneous or sedimentary rocks are put under great heat or pressure
eg. Marble and Quartzite

33
Q

What does this show and name the different parts

A

Fold mountains
1. Anticline
2. Syncline

34
Q

Name the red numbers

A

Ult Study Christmas 2022 (4 decks)

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