Geography Flashcards
A
B
C
D
A Crust
B Mantle
C Outer Core
D Inner Core
Label the diagram of a volcano.
- Crater
- Central Vent
- Side Vent
- Cone
- Magma
- Lava
3 parts of the Life Cycle of the Volcano
Active
Dormant
Extinct
Active volcano
has erupted in the past 10,000 years
eg. Cotopaxi, Mount St. Helens
Dormant Volcano
has NOT erupted in past 10,000 years
eg Kilimanjaro, Mount Tabor
Extinct Volcano
never expected to erupt again
eg. Mount Kenya, Mount Warning
Mid-Ocean Ridge -
Found the middle Atlantic Ocean
Eurasian and Nth American plates slowly moving apart
Magma broke through - formed mountains and volcanoes
Example of volcanic island
Iceland
A volcanologist is
a scientist who studies volcanoes.
they study volcanic rock, ash & gases.
Monitor changes in shape of volcanoes to understand why & how they erupt and predict when they might erupt
Positive impact of volcanic eruption
Social Impact - Reduced unemployment Increased tourism
Economic Impact - Income generated through tourism,
Fertile soil
Negative impact of volcanic eruption
Social Impact - Contaminated water supply, Evacuation of locals
Economic Impact - Travel chaos, Loss of earings
Why does Iceland have so many active volcanoes?
Located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Convection currents pulling Nth American and Eurasian plates apart
An earthquake is…
the sudden shaking of the earth caused by the movement of the earth’s crust
Most earthquakes occur…
along the edges of large plates, where they are colliding or sliding past each other.
Seismologists are
scientists who study earthquakes
Earthquake focus is
place where earthquake begins beneath earths surface
Shock Waves…
also called seismic waves
spread out in circles from the focus
Epicentre
The point on earth’s surface directly above the focus
strength of quake is greatest here
Fault
a large crack in the earth’s crust
How is a tsunami triggered?
When an earthquake occurs under the sea
Seismograph
an instrument used to measure and record an earthquake and how long it lasted
Original scale used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake
Richter scale
Richter scale goes from
1 to 8
What replaced the Richter scale?
The moment magnitude scale 9MMS)
MMS goes from
1 to 10
How can we reduce earthquake damage?
Predict when it might occur
Plan for earthquakes
Construct earthquake-safe buildings
How are fold mountains formed?
found on plate boundaries where 2 plates have collided
plates push against each other and pressure forces land to buckle upwards into folds
Label the diagram
- Focus
- Shock Waves
- Epicentre
- Fault
Rock’s are divided into 3 groups
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
How are igneous rocks formed and examples
Magma rise from mantle
some trapped below surface cools very slowly
known as intrusive igneous rock
magma that reaches the surface and cools becomes extrusive igneous rock
eg Granite and Basalt
How are sedimentary rocks formed and examples
Rocks on earth’s surface worn down over time
some broken pieces are dropped in layers on sea floor
become pressed together mixed with dead sea creatures become sedimentary rock
eg. Sandstone and Limestone
How are metamorphic rocks formed and examples
When igneous or sedimentary rocks are put under great heat or pressure
eg. Marble and Quartzite
What does this show and name the different parts
Fold mountains
1. Anticline
2. Syncline
Name the red numbers
