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Science 10 > Science 10 Bio Unit Test > Flashcards

Science 10 Bio Unit Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Abiogenesis?

A

The idea that life can emerge spontaneously from non-living matter
Widely accepted up until the 19th century
Supported by life force ( from the time of the roman)

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1
Q

What are the five characteristics of living organisms?

A 
Need energy
Produce waste
Respond and adapt
Reproduce
Grow
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2
Q

Redi’s experiment?

A

Set out three jars containing raw meat some were sealed some were covered in gauze and some were open to air.
Controlled: meat, jar, location
Manipulated: lid, flies access to the meat
Responding: appearance of maggots

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3
Q

Pasteur’s experiment?

A

He bent the neck of a flask into an s shape so that air could reach the broth but the air particles would get caught in the s. He tipped the flask so that broth entered the s bend.
Manipulated: access of air particles to broth
Controlled: broth, flask, light, temp
Responding: mould growth

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4
Q

Biogenesis?

A

All life comes from living organisms

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5
Q

Hooke’s discovery?

A

1635-1703
Studied cork discovered cells under 30x mag.
Called cells “cells”

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6
Q

Leeuwenhoek’s discovery?

A

Examined pond water and found microorganism called animalcules
Used a simple light microscope

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7
Q

Schwann’s and Schleiden’s discoveries?

A

Proposed that all plants and animals were composed of cells

Cells were the smallest unit of life

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8
Q

Virchow’s discoveries

A

All cells arise from pre-existing cells

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9
Q

What are the three parts of cell theory?

A

All living things are made up of one or more cells
All life functions take place in cells
All cells are produced from pre-existing cells.

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10
Q

Describe a simple light microscope

A

Used visible light
Can observe living specimen
One lens
Mag. 20x - 275x

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11
Q

Light compound microscope

A

Two lenses
Uses visible light
Can observe living specimen
Mag. 40x - 2000x

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12
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A 
2 lenses. 
Uses beams of electrons rather then light
2-D
Image produced on a fluorescent screen
Dead specimen 
Mag. 10000x - 100000x
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13
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

2 lenses
Beams of electrons used to scan surface of dead specimen
3-D image
Mag. 300000x

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14
Q

Confocal laser scanning microscope

A

Thick, dead specimen
Laser beam uses to scan layers of the specimen
Images are put together with a computer

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15
Q

The most basic form of life is?

A

Cell

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16
Q

Prokaryote?

A

A type of cell which include only bacteria and Cyanobacteria. They lack membrane bound nuclei and most organelles found in other cells.

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17
Q

Eukeryote?

A

A type of cell which includes the protists, fungi and animals. These are cells specialized to perform particular functions.

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18
Q

Cell membrane

A

Separate cell from outside

Controls what enters and exits the cell

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19
Q

Cell wall

A

Only found in plant cells

Provide extra structure and support

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20
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the cell

Protects DNA

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21
Q

Rough endoplasmic recticulum

A

Helps COMPLETE proteins after ribosomes build them

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22
Q

Smooth endoplasmic recticulum

A

Responsible for synthesis

Storage and transport of lipids and carbs and also storage of calcium ions

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23
Q

Lysosomes

A

Only found in animal cells
Digest food
Clean up and recycle ( digest broken organelles)

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24
Q

Ribosomes

A

Read instructions to build proteins from DNA

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25
Q

Mitochondria

A

Makes ATP energy for cellular respiration

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26
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Finishes sorts, labels and ships proteins using vesicles

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27
Q

Vacuoles

A

Storage

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28
Q

Vesicles

A

Moves materials around the cell

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29
Q

Central vacuoles

A

Only found in plants
Maintains pressure against cell wall
Keeps cells shape

30
Q

Centrioles

A

Only found in animal cells

Helps coordinate cell division

31
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Makes energy and sugar from sunlight

32
Q

The 4 parts if a cell membrane?

A

Proteins –> carrier - channel. (Move substances across the membrane)
Phospholipid bilayer –> phospholipids –> hydrophilic head - hydrophobic tail ( make up the most of the membrane)
Carbohydrates ( important for cell to cell communication)
Cholesterol (helps make the membrane more rigid also helps with cell communication)

33
Q

Describe the fluid mosaic model

A

Fluid: the membrane can move and flow but isn’t too rigid
Mosaic: composed of many parts

34
Q

What is the role of the selective filter?

A

The role of the cell is ton regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

35
Q

Brownian motion?

A

According to the particle model of matter these particles are always in motion

36
Q

Concentration gradients?

A

Particles will move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

37
Q

Equilibrium

A

Occurs when molecules are evenly distributed

38
Q

Passive transport?

A

Energy is not required
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion

39
Q

Diffusion?

A

Is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

40
Q

Osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water across a cell membrane

41
Q

Hypertonic?

A

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes

42
Q

Hypotonic?

A

A solution that has a higher concentration of water

43
Q

Isotonic?

A

A solution that has the same concentration of water and solutes

44
Q

Facilitated diffusion?

A

No energy is required
Movement in response to the concentration but needs a protein facilitator.
Channel proteins move small particles through pores
Carrier proteins attach to larger molecules, change shape and physically move the molecules.

45
Q

Active transport?

A

Transport across the membrane using ATP energy

46
Q

Endocytosis?

A

The uptake of particles by the formation of vesicles
Phagocytosis - taking in large particles
Pinocytosis - taking in small particles

47
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Receptor proteins on the membrane surface interact with certain molecules to stimulate endocytosis (HIV)

48
Q

Exocytosis?

A

The excretion of molecules from a vesicle that fuses with the cell membrane to export.

49
Q

Liposomes?

A

Artificially prepared vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer that is used to delivery medicine within the body

50
Q

Dialysis?

A

Peritoneal dialysis - the patients peritoneal in the abdomen as a membrane across which fluid and dissolve substances are exchanged from the blood

51
Q

Surface area: volume

A

The surface area to volume gets smaller as the cell gets larger
The larger the surface area to volume ration the more efficient cell transport will be.
The larger the cell the farther nutrients will have to travel

52
Q

Epidermal cells?

A

The protective layer covering the leaf
Made up of epidermis cells
A waxy substance called the cuticle, coats the cell to prevent evaporation.

53
Q

Palisade tissue cells?

A

Long and narrow like column, and are packed closely together just under the leafs upper surface
Most of the else’s photosynthesis takes place here

54
Q

Spongy tissue cells?

A

Layered below the palisade tissue cells, contain chloroplasts and carry put photosynthesis

55
Q

Stomata?

A

Small openings in the epidermal layer allowing gases in and out of the leaf, also water

56
Q

Guard cells?

A

Each stomata has two guard cells that regulate the stomata’s size.

57
Q

Vascular tissue cells?

A

Form a series of tubes that transport fluids throughout the plant
Visible as leaf veins
Two kinds
xylem - carries water and minerals
Phloem - carries sugars produced by the leaves to the sink

58
Q

Chloroplasts?

A

Contains green pigment call chlorophyll

59
Q

Cellular respiration?

A

The opposite of photo synthesis

60
Q

Transpiration?

A

The process of water vapour leaving the leaves through the stomata

61
Q

Lenticels?

A

Pores formed from slits in the opening of WOODY stems

62
Q

What factors into the involvement of water and materials in plants?

A

Osmosis, diffusion, active transport, and transpiration

63
Q

Adhesion?

A

The attraction of water molecules to other substances

64
Q

Cohesion?

A

The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules

65
Q

Tonicity?

A

The osmotic pressure a solution will put on a membrane.

66
Q

Plasmolysis?

A

Cytoplasm and cell membranes shrink away from the cell wall due to the outflow of water ( the cells become dehydrated)

67
Q

Turgidity?

A

Larger or fuller then normal because of swelling

68
Q

What is a source?

A

The place where the products of photosynthesis are made.

69
Q

What is a sink?

A

The place where the products of photosynthesis are used

70
Q

Phototropism?

A

Growth in response to light

71
Q

Gravitropism?

A

Growth in response to gravity

72
Q

Negative phototropism/gravitropism means what?

A

Growth in the opposite direction from the stimuli.

73
Q

Nastic response?

A

Complex response in carnivorous plants

Science 10 (5 decks)

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