SCI

Question 1

Damage to surrounding tissues/ blood vessels

Answer 1

Indirect SCI

Question 2

Causes paralysis/ loss of ability to move or feel sensation in body

Answer 2

SCI

Question 3

Total motor and sensory loss below lesion

Answer 3

Complete lesion - Full lesion of SC

Question 4

Partial loss of sensory/motor function

Answer 4

Incomplete partial lesion of SC

Question 5

Immediate damage caused directly from trauma

Answer 5

Primary damage

Question 6

Delayed damage caused by complication after injury

Answer 6

Secondary damage

Question 7

MVA, Diving, contact sports, violent injury

Answer 7

Trauma etiology

Question 8

Spinal hematoma, infection, radiation, neoplasm
Vascular complication: cardiac arrest, aortic aneurism, surgery

Answer 8

Non-traumatic etiology

Question 9

Damage to one side of SC. Caused by trauma i.e. gunshot, stab

Answer 9

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Question 10

Brown-Sequard Syndrome: motor function, proprioception, sensation (vibration, 2 point discrimination)

Answer 10

Ipsilateral impairment symptoms

Question 11

Brown-Sequard Syndrome: NORMAL: pain and temperature perseption

Answer 11

Ipsilateral impairment symptoms

Question 12

Brown-Sequard Syndrome: Loss of pain and temperature perception

Answer 12

Contralateral impairment symptoms

Question 13

Brown-Sequard Syndrome: Normal: Motor function

Answer 13

Contralateral impairment symptoms

Question 14

Damage to centre with periphery unaffeccted

Answer 14

Central Cord Syndrome

Question 15

M/C Incomplete spinal injury

Answer 15

Central Cord Syndrome

Question 16

Hyperextension or arthritic changes to c-spine

Answer 16

Central Cord Syndrome

Question 17

Motor and sensory abilities affected, mm weakness, flaccidity in upper limbs

Answer 17

Central Cord Syndrome S&S

Question 18

Lower limbs less affected

Answer 18

Central Cord Syndrome S&S

Question 19

Bowel and bladder control normal or partially affected

Answer 19

Central Cord Syndrome S&S

Question 20

Hyperflexion injury to the SC

Answer 20

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Question 21

Bilateral loss of motor function, perception (pain, temperature, crude touch)

Answer 21

Anterior Cord Syndrome S&S

Question 22

Most vulnerable part of spine

Answer 22

C4-C6

Question 23

Why C4-C6 most vulnerable part of spine

Answer 23

mobility over stability

Question 24

No function maintained from neck down. Need ventilator to breathe

Answer 24

C1-C3

Question 25

Diaphragm, which allows breathing

Answer 25

C4-C5

Question 26

Some arm and chest mm

Answer 26

C6-C7

Question 27

Intact arm function

Answer 27

T1-T3

Question 28

Control of trunk above umbilicus

Answer 28

T4-T9

Question 29

Most thigh mm, allows walking with long leg braces

Answer 29

T10-L1

Question 30

Most leg mm, allows walking with short leg braces

Answer 30

L1-L2

Question 31

Paralysis of one limb

Answer 31

Monoplegia

Question 32

Paralysis of both upper or lower limbs

Answer 32

Diplegia

Question 33

Paralysis of both lower limbs

Answer 33

Paraplegia

Question 34

Paralysis upper limb, trunk, and lower limbs unilaterally

Answer 34

Hemiplegia

Question 35

mm weakness in legs

Answer 35

Paraparesis

Question 36

Paralysis of all four limbs

Answer 36

Quadriplegia

Question 37

mm weakness in all limbs

Answer 37

Quadriparesis

Question 38

Stimulus sends nerve impulse to spinal cord which is blocked by lesion and cannot reach brain

Answer 38

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Question 39

Reflex activated that increases activity of sympathetic portion of ANS

Answer 39

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Question 40

Acute Exaggerated sympathetic response. Usually with lesion at or above T6

Answer 40

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Question 41

Caused by painful or uncomfortable stimulus in abdomen or pelvic area

Answer 41

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Question 42

Results in spasms and narrowing of blood vessels, which causes a rise in BP

Answer 42

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Question 43

No "voluntary" movements on affected side can be initated

Answer 43

1. Flaccidity (immediately after onset)

Question 44

Basic synergy patterns appear minimal voluntary movements may be present

Answer 44

2. Spasticity appears

Question 45

Patients gains voluntary control over synergies

Answer 45

3. Increase in spasticity

Question 46

Some movement patterns out of synergy are mastered, but synergy still predominates

Answer 46

4. Decrease in spasticity

Question 47

Move complex movement combinations are learned as basic synergies lose dominance over motor acts

Answer 47

5. Further decrease in spasticity

Question 48

Individual joint movements become possible and coordination approaches normal

Answer 48

6. Disappearance of spacticity

Question 49

PROM Passive stretching (gentle) Position to support upper limb, especially shoulder (subluxations common in this stage)

Answer 49

Stage 1 - Flaccidity

Question 50

Continue with PROM (very slow, gentle to not provoke spasticity) Massage for sensory stimulation

Answer 50

Stage 2 – Spasticity develops and abnormal synergies may be present

Question 51

Continue with above techniques Increased emphasis on stress reduction Massage to relax spastic/synergistic areas May be using splints

Answer 51

Stage 3 – Spasticity increases

Question 52

Continue with above techniques Added emphasis on using the recovering arm as much as possible with home care and ADLs PNF patterning (PROM, AROM)

Answer 52

Stage 4 – Spasticity decreases

Question 53

Continue with above Begin strengthening routine (as opposed to ROM-based exercises) PNF patterning (RROM)

Answer 53

Stage 5 – Spasticity continues to decrease (minimal)

Question 54

Continue with above and focus on fine motor skills (e.g. hand and finger exercises(

Answer 54

Stage 6 – Spasticity disappears and coordination reappears