Final OP stuff Flashcards

1
Q

SCI Etiology

A
  1. Trauma (MVA, diving, contact sports, violent trauma)
  2. Non-traumatic injuries: infection, radiation, neoplasm
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2
Q

SCI Lesions - Complete vs Incomplete

A

Complete: Full lesion of spinal cord: total motor/sensory loss below lesion

Incomplete: Partial lesion: parial loss of sensory/motor function below lesion

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3
Q

SCI - 3 types of Incomplete spinal cord injuries

A
  1. Central Cord Syndrome
  2. Brown-Sequard Syndrome
  3. Anterior Cord Syndrome
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4
Q

SCI - Central Cord Syndrome Cause and S&S

A

Cause: Hyperextension or arthritic changes to c-spine

S&S: Upper limbs: motor and sensory affected, mm weakness, flaccidity
Lower limbs: less affected
Bowel and bladder: normal or partially affected

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5
Q

SCI - Brown-Sequard Syndrome Cause and S&S

A

Cause: Stab/gunshot wound

S&S:
1. Ipsilateral impariment: Motor function, proprioception, sensation (vibration, 2 point discrimination) NORMAL : pain and temperature perception

  1. Contralateral Impairment: Loss of pain and temperature perception. NORMAL: motor function
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6
Q

SCI - Anterior Cord Syndrome cause and S&S

A

Cause: Damage to anterior spinal cord

S&S: Bilateral loss of motor function, perception (pain, temperature, crude touch)

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7
Q

Huntington’s Disease info/etiology

A

Inherited, neurodegenerative disease characterized by choreiform and progressive dementia

etiology: Mutation in gene for the huntingin protein

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8
Q

Huntingtons disease S&S

A

Physical: weight loss, involuntary movements, diminished coordination, difficulty walking, talking, swallowing - impacts ADLs, communication, independence

Cognitive: Difficulty focusing, planning, recall,

Emotional: depression, apathy, irritable

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9
Q

Stroke/Hemiplegia etiology

A

Stroke: Blood flow blocked to the brain or sudden bleeding in brain

Hemiplegia: Non-progressive condition of paralysis on one side of the body

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10
Q

Stroke/Hemiplegia S&S

A

Flaccidity on affected side,
Spasticity
Hemipeligeic gait
Disuse atrophy

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11
Q

Parkinson’s info/etiology

A
  • Progressive, neurodegenerative disorder
  • Slow movements, tremor, rigidity,

Etiology: Cause is unknown, destruction of substantia nigra

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12
Q

Parkinson’s S&S

A
  1. Bradykinesia - impairment of voluntary motor control, slowness, freezing. During walking, standing, sitting down. Freezing episodes if startled
  2. Shuffling gait
  3. Tremors
  4. Rigidity
  5. Poor balance
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13
Q

MS info/etiology

A
  1. Demyelination of nerve causing scar tissue formation. Disruption of nerve signals
  2. Etiology: Genetics, environment, viral, immunological
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14
Q

S&S of MS

A
  • Fatigue
  • Spasticity
  • Weakness
  • Impaired proprioception
  • circumducted gait
  • Vertigo
  • Parasthesia
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15
Q

Cerebral Palsy info/etiology

A

Non-progessive disorder caused by brain damage to immature brain

Etiology: Usually due to hypoxia which may occur at birth

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16
Q

4 types of cerebral palsy

A
  1. Spastic m/c
  2. Atheoid
  3. Ataxic
  4. Mixed
17
Q

Spastic Cerebral Palsy S&S

A

Increased Tone

18
Q

Atheoid CP S&S

A

Uncontrolled movement, slow, writhing, increase with intention, stops with sleep

19
Q

Ataxic CP S&S

A

Poor coordination, least common

20
Q

Mixed CP S&S

A

Usually spastic and atheoid

Increased tone with uncontrolled movement, slow and writhing

21
Q

CP symptoms

A
  1. Spasticity m/c
  2. Atheoid movements - slow
  3. Choreiform - quick, uncontrolled movements without purpose
  4. Ataxia - lack of coordination and clumsiness in movements
  5. Flaccidity
  6. Pain - and perception of pain
  7. Reflex movements
  8. Contracture formation
  9. Scissor gait
22
Q

ALS info and etiology

A

Progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Gradual degeneration and scarring of lateral aspect of spinal cord, brainstem and cerebral cortex

Unknown cause - no cure