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nmsd1 > SCI > Flashcards

SCI Flashcards

1
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

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2
Q

causes of SCI

A

trauma
infection
benign, malign tumor
vascular disorder

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2
Q

syringeoma

A

spinal cord filled with spinal fluid

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3
Q

spinal shock

A

loss of sensory, motor, sympathetic autonomic function due to loss of facilitation from tonic pattern

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4
Q

UMNL

A

lesion of spinal cord
cortical control is lost below lesion

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5
Q

LMNL

A

lesion of cauda equina and peripheral nerve roots
flaccid paralysis

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6
Q

tetraplegia/quadriplegia

A

lesions above T1
also known as incomplete tetraplegia

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7
Q

paraplegia

A

lesion below T1
lesion of cauda equina and conus medullaris

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8
Q

Brown Sequard syndrome

A

-lateral half of spinal cord is injured
-loss of ipsilateral motor vibration and proprioception
-contralateral pain and heat sensation
- stab wounds and cervical hyperextension

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9
Q

central cord syndrome

A

-central part of spinal cord is injured
-often in cervical region
-sacral sensation is preserved
-may be bladder dysfunction

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10
Q

cauda equina syndrome

A

-lesion under L1-L2
-lumbosacral lesion
-there is areflex bladder and flaccid paralysis of intestine and lower extremities
-motor fibers affected
-sensation preserved
-reflexes do not return

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11
Q

corticospinal tract

A

descending motor tract
motor loss same side of the tract

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12
Q

spinothalamic tract

A

ascending sensory ganglia
loss of heat and pain on opposite side
loss start two level lower
cross

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13
Q

dorsal column damage

A

doesn’t cross
carry deep sensation and vibration

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14
Q

anterior cord syndrome

A

damage to corticospinal and spinothalamic tract

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15
Q

posterior cord syndrome

A

impaired coordination of limb movements

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16
Q

factors determining functional outcome

A

neurological level
complete-incomplete injury
other medical problems
age-cardiovascular endurance
motivation

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17
Q

c2-3

A

fully dependent

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18
Q

c4

A

diaphragm preserved, wheelchair control by head and chin

19
Q

c5

A

can use hand controlled wheelchair

20
Q

c6

A

can use toilet with special handle

21
Q

c7

A

independent in transfer- cannot go up and down the ramp

22
Q

c8-T1

A

independent,bowel,bladder

23
Q

T2-T10

A

exercise ambulation

24
Q

T11-L2

A

in home ambulation

25
Q

L3-S3

A

can be ambulated with orthotics

26
Q

-ve effects of immobilization

A

musculoskeletal system
cardiovascular system and lungs
genitourinary and gastrointestinal
metabolic and endocrine
cognitive and behavioral

27
Q

when is ASIA scale used

A

right-left sensory scoring
complete or incomplete lesion

28
Q

neurological level

A

motor and sensation are normal

29
Q

motor level

A

upper segment is normal

30
Q

motor score

A

100

31
Q

sensory level

A

most caudal level, needle and light touch are normal

32
Q

sensory score

A

112+112

33
Q

skeletal level

A

the most damaged vertebra and radiological examination

34
Q

complete lesion

A

sensory and motor loss in the lowest sacral segment

35
Q

incomplete lesion

A

preservation of sensation and/lesion below lesion

36
Q

partial protection area

A

incomplete injuries, it shows partial innervated dermatomes and/myotomes

37
Q

asia scale

A

A] complete=no sense or motor in sacral segments [4-5]
B] sensory incomplete= sense that extends to sacral region
C] motor incomplete=motor force below 3
D] motor incomplete=more than 3 motor forces
E] normal

38
Q

SCI disability evaluation scales

A

-fundamental independent measurement
-SCI measurement
-walk index for SCI
-quadriplegia index for function
-modified Barthel index

39
Q

mobilizations

A

tilt table
in bed activities
transfer
cushion exercises
ambulation

40
Q

how does flexor contracture occurs

A

develops due to increase in flexor reflex activity after SCI but prone position can help

41
Q

partial spinal cord injuries

A

central cord syndrome [ccs]
anterior cord syndrome [acs]
brown Sequard syndrome [bss]
conus medullaris [cms]
cauda equina syndrome [ced]

42
Q

CCS

A

cervical region
more upper limb weakness

43
Q

ACS

A

altered motor function pain and heat loss

44
Q

BSS

A

semi-incision and lesion of spinal cord
ipsilateral weakness
contralateral pain and heat loss

45
Q

CMS
conus medularis

A

injury to sacral cord and lumbar nerves

nmsd1 (10 decks)

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