movement disorders Flashcards
pyramidal syndrome
characterized by spasticity and paralysis
extrapyramidal syndrome
involuntary movements, rigidity, bradykinesia
disease of basal ganglia
basal ganglia constitutes
striatum
putamen
caudate nucleus
substantial nigra
subthalamic nucleus
function of basal ganglia
initiation and planning of movements
adjustment of speed and magnitude
automatic implementation
postural stability
regulation of muscle tone
classification of MD
hypokinetic
hyperkinetic
hypokinetic
Akinetic rigid syndrome
reduction in movement
stiffening
slowing
increase muscle tone
Parkinson’s syndrome
classification of hypokinetic MD
degenerative
symptomatic
degenerative HMD
idiopathic parkinson’s syndrome
Parkinson plus syndrome
parkinsonism
idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
loss of dopaminergic cells
Trap symptoms
often begins asymmetrical
anteflexion posture
freezing phenomenon
gait disturbance
constipation
Parkinson plus syndrome
Multiple system atrophy [MSA]
Progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP]
Supranuclear gaze palsy [SGP]
corticobasal degeneration [CBD]
Lewy body dementia [LBD]
MSA
Trap plus
substantial nigra
inferior oliva
striatum
pons
PSP
akinetic rigid parkinsonism
supranuclear gaze palsy
subcortical type dementia
frequent imbalance
unexplained falls
SGP
stone baby phenomenon
vertical gaze restricted
movement of eyes only when head is moved
CBD
cerebral cortex plus basal ganglia
asymmetric findings
apraxia
alien hands
myoclonus
frontal type dementia
Lewy body dementia
extrapyramidal symptoms plus dementia
visual hallucination
syncopal episodes
sleep disturbances
hypersensitivity
hyperkinetic MD
distonia
chorea and ballism
athetosis
distonia
involuntary sustained twisting and turning muscle contractions
chorea and ballism
arrhythmic fast jerky or flowing movements
chorea=from distal parts with small amplitude
ballism= from proximal part with large amplitude
athetosis
slow, continuous writhing like movements
Huntington
hereditary neurodegenerative
autosomal dominant
increase in CAG in huntingtin gene
tic disorder
an irresistible urge to make movements
short, sudden and non rhythmic
myoclonus
sudden, brief, rapid occurring, lighting like movements
sleep related movement syndrome
restless leg syndrome
periodic limb movement
drug induced movement disorders
acute dystonic
subacute onset
tardive syndrome
psychogenic movement disorder
it can mimic any type of movement disorder
