Schools Of Psychology

Question 1

Structuralism

Answer 1

Key people:
Titchener

Important concepts/goals:
Breaks consciousness into elements by using introspection

Question 2

Functionalism

Answer 2

Key people:
• James
• Dewey

Important concepts/goals:
• Stream of consciousness
• Studies how mind functions to help people adapt to environment
• Attacked structuralism

Question 3

Behaviorism

Answer 3

Key people:
• Watson
• Skinner

Important concepts/goals:
• Psychology as objective study of behavior
• Attacked mentalist and the use of introspection
• Attacked structuralism and functionalism

Question 4

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 4

Key people:
• Wertheimer
• Kohler
• Koffka

Important concepts/goals:
• Whole is something other than sum of its parts
• Attacked structuralism and behaviorism

Question 5

Cognitivism

Answer 5

Key people:
• Chomsky

Important concepts/goals:
• Behaviorism is not an adequate explanation for human behavior
• Humans think, believe, are creative

Question 6

Psychoanalysis

Answer 6

Key people:
• Freud
• Jung
• Adler

Important concepts/goals:
• Behaviorism is a result of unconscious conflicts, repression, defense mechanisms

Question 7

Humanism

Answer 7

Key people:
• Maslow
• Rogers

Important concepts/goals:
• Looks at people as wholes
• Humans have free will
• Psychologists should study mentally healthy people, not just mentally ill/maladjusted ones

Question 8

Systems Psychology

Answer 8

Key people:
• Barker
• Bateson

Important concepts/goals:
• Human behavior must be considered within the context of complex systems
• Applications include organization psychology and family therapy