schools in context

Question 1

importance of school for juveniles

Answer 1

school is critical part of juveniles life
not all juveniles experience it same way
- different types of schools, gender, race differences, community differences

Question 2

failing in school & delinquency

Answer 2

4 hypothesized relationships
- failure → delinquency (direct)
- delinquency → failure (direct)
- failure → event/experience → delinquency (indirect)
- x→ failure & x → delinquency (spurious)
research is mixed

Question 3

failure → delinquency (direct)

Answer 3

students who fail in school are frustrated by failure and engage in delinquency

Question 4

delinquency → failure (direct)

Answer 4

students who are delinquent are more likely to fail in school

Question 5

failure → event/experience → delinquency (indirect)

Answer 5

school failure is indirectly related to delinquency, but affects an event or experience that may lead to delinquency

Question 6

x→ failure AND x → delinquency (spurious)

Answer 6

something else causes both school failure & delinquency so they’re not actually related to each other
x is hypothesized by some to be social class

Question 7

predictors of dropping out:
individual-level

Answer 7

• poor academic performance
• tracking into low academic tracks
• grade retention
• low self-esteem
• alienation/poor attitude about school
• friends who dropped out
• working significantly (# of hours)
• disciplinary record

Question 8

predictors of dropping out:
school-level

Answer 8

• structure: size, type, resources
• organization: rules, practices, etc.
• climate: morale, academic emphasis

Question 9

dropping out of school & delinquency

Answer 9

dropping out linked to delinquency in lots of research
- 60% of inmates in state/federal prisons don’t have HS degree or equivalent
some research says relationship is more correlational than causal

Question 10

school bonding

Answer 10

attachment to school & teachers and commitment to school
- juveniles less bonded to school tend to be more involved in delinquency (relationship goes both ways)

Question 11

school engagement

Answer 11

emotional, behavioral, and cognitive engagement at school
emotional and behavioral engagement associated with less delinquency

Question 12

school shootings

Answer 12

tragic but rare when compared to other gun violence

Question 13

rampage shootings
typology of school shootings

Answer 13

perpetrator
- former/current members of school

reason
- symbolic significance to exact revenge/gain power

Question 14

mass murders
typology of school shootings

Answer 14

perpetrator
- nonmember of school, often adults

reason
- symbolic significance, often to gain power

Question 15

terrorist attacks
typology of school shootings

Answer 15

perpetrator
- individuals/groups advancing a political/ideological goal

reason
- politically motivated attack, selected for symbolic importance

Question 16

targeted shootings
typology of school shootings

Answer 16

perpetrator
- current/former member of school

reason
- targeting a(n) individual(s) for real or perceived slight

Question 17

victimization at school

Answer 17

• more likely that students will experience nonfatal victimization at school than away from school
• younger students report more violent victimization than older ones
• violent victimization rates vary by race/ethnicity

Question 18

bullying

Answer 18

• targets different/powerless kids
• has a repetititve nature
• bullies are more likely to engage in other forms of delinquency

Question 19

bullying & gender

Answer 19

boys:
- more likely to engage in physical bullying
girls:
- more likley to engage in emotional bulllying
- more likely to be victims of cyberbullying

Question 20

cyberbullying

Answer 20

using technology to intimidate others
- texting/social media
- makes bullying easier from afar

Question 21

school-to-prison pipeline

Answer 21

the argument that harsh policies & punishments in school train students for prison
- suspension/expulsion
- restraint
- corporal punishment
- seclusion
- zero tolerance policies
prominent for minorities

Question 22

increased social control in schools
school-to-prison pipeline

Answer 22

• drug-sniffing dogs
• locker searches
• metal detectors
• increased police presence/private surveillance
• surveillance cameras
  arguing these pratices are very similar to prison

Question 23

Dads on Duty

Answer 23

• Louisiana, multiple days of fighting & 23 arrests
• dads helped out the school taking shifts
• kids felt safer and violence stopped

Question 24

students’ rights

Answer 24

a point of controversy
- do you have the same rights at school as you do elsewhere in the country?