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Paramedic > School Notes - Study First > Flashcards

School Notes - Study First Flashcards

1
Q

Preload vs Afterload

A

Preload is related to ventricular filling (volume) while Afterload is the force or load against which the heart has to contract to eject the blood (pressure).

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2
Q

What do the Beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors affect?

A

Beta 1 - Heart (1 Heart)
Beta 2 - Lungs (2 Lungs)

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3
Q

What do the Alpha 1 receptors affect?

A

Blood Vessels

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4
Q

Difference between Chronotropic, Inotropic, and Domotropic?

A

IF Dumb Shit Could Remember
Inotropic = Force
Dromotropic = Squeeze
Chronotropic = Rate

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5
Q

What happens to Fibrinogen in the clotting cascade?

A

It gets turned to Fibren

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6
Q

Mnemonic for remembering layers of skull

A

If they have a brain bleed you need to go to the E.D. A.S.A.P.
Epidural
Dural
(Subdural)
Arachnoid
Sub Arachnoid
Pia

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7
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12

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8
Q

What types of joints are there?

A

Fibrous (Immovable)
Cartilaginous (Semi-Moveable)
Synovial (Moveable)

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9
Q

What are the three main functions of the liver?

A

Help control blood sugar
Produce clotting factors
Detox the blood

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10
Q

What does a hypertonic solution do?

A

Shrinks cells

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11
Q

What does a hypotonic solution do?

A

Makes cells swell

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12
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of a solvent from an area of low concentration to high concentration

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13
Q

What are Anticholinergics?

A

Drugs that block the action of acetylcholine, a chemical messenger.

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14
Q

What is afferent?

A

Bringing towards the body/organ.

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15
Q

What is efferent?

A

Taking away from the body/organ (efferent - exit)

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16
Q

What is Angiotensin 2?

A

A vasoconstrictor

17
Q

What are the homeostasis buffering systems?

A

Blood
Kidneys
Respiratory system

18
Q

How do you calculate Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

A

(Systolic + 2x Diastolic) / 3

19
Q

What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

A

Average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole

20
Q

What is a normal MAP?

A

70 - 100 mmHg

21
Q

What happens is the MAP is too low or high?

A

<60 - concern there is not enough perfusion to the organs.

> 100 - high artery pressure may lead to blood clots or heart muscle damage

22
Q

What is the Ejection Fraction?

A

Amount of blood your heart pumps each time it beats. <35% = No Bueno. >50% = Normal

23
Q

What can sodium bicarb break down into if there is no good oxygenation / perfusion?

A

It becomes Acid (Hydrogen Ions)

24
Q

What does Blood Pressure consist of?

A

Cardiac Output
Stroke Volume Resistance

25
Q

How is Cardiac Output calculated?

A

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

26
Q

What does Stroke Volume consist of?

A

Preload, Contractility, and Afterload

27
Q

What are Nicotinic receptors?

A

Nicotinic receptors function within the central nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction only.

28
Q
A

Paramedic (6 decks)

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