School Notes - Study First Flashcards
Preload vs Afterload
Preload is related to ventricular filling (volume) while Afterload is the force or load against which the heart has to contract to eject the blood (pressure).
What do the Beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors affect?
Beta 1 - Heart (1 Heart)
Beta 2 - Lungs (2 Lungs)
What do the Alpha 1 receptors affect?
Blood Vessels
Difference between Chronotropic, Inotropic, and Domotropic?
IF Dumb Shit Could Remember
Inotropic = Force
Dromotropic = Squeeze
Chronotropic = Rate
What happens to Fibrinogen in the clotting cascade?
It gets turned to Fibren
Mnemonic for remembering layers of skull
If they have a brain bleed you need to go to the E.D. A.S.A.P.
Epidural
Dural
(Subdural)
Arachnoid
Sub Arachnoid
Pia
How many ribs are there?
12
What types of joints are there?
Fibrous (Immovable)
Cartilaginous (Semi-Moveable)
Synovial (Moveable)
What are the three main functions of the liver?
Help control blood sugar
Produce clotting factors
Detox the blood
What does a hypertonic solution do?
Shrinks cells
What does a hypotonic solution do?
Makes cells swell
Osmosis
Movement of a solvent from an area of low concentration to high concentration
What are Anticholinergics?
Drugs that block the action of acetylcholine, a chemical messenger.
What is afferent?
Bringing towards the body/organ.
What is efferent?
Taking away from the body/organ (efferent - exit)
What is Angiotensin 2?
A vasoconstrictor
What are the homeostasis buffering systems?
Blood
Kidneys
Respiratory system
How do you calculate Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
(Systolic + 2x Diastolic) / 3
What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
Average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole
What is a normal MAP?
70 - 100 mmHg
What happens is the MAP is too low or high?
<60 - concern there is not enough perfusion to the organs.
> 100 - high artery pressure may lead to blood clots or heart muscle damage
What is the Ejection Fraction?
Amount of blood your heart pumps each time it beats. <35% = No Bueno. >50% = Normal
What can sodium bicarb break down into if there is no good oxygenation / perfusion?
It becomes Acid (Hydrogen Ions)
What does Blood Pressure consist of?
Cardiac Output
Stroke Volume Resistance
How is Cardiac Output calculated?
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
What does Stroke Volume consist of?
Preload, Contractility, and Afterload
What are Nicotinic receptors?
Nicotinic receptors function within the central nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction only.
