School Age Children Flashcards

Question

Healthy Foods to feed school aged children

Answer 1

* variety (all food groups, different foods within groups) * unprocessed or minimally processed emphasized * processed in moderation; ultra-processed not needed

Answer 2

**INTERNAL CUES**: The hypothalamus is the control centre of hunger and satiety via signals from the nervous system, hormones, and blood nutrient levels * **hunger**: low glucose, ghrelin, other hormones * **satiety**: stretching in GI tract, CCK, leptin, other hormones

Answer 3

Anything that can influence consumption other than feelings of hunger and satiety and can interfere with internal cues * sight, smell, taste of foods * Advertising * Habits, social situations * Portion sizes * Parental and peer modeling * Pressure or incentives to eat more * Using food as a reward * Food often equates with love or acceptance

Answer 4

6 day food records in 2 to 5 years reveal large variability in energy from individual meals (33%), lower variability in daily energy (10%) * responsive to internal cues: energy intake variability, eat more if lower energy density * but sensitive to external cues: praise, rewards, portion sizes, peers

Answer 5

Ate more CHO to compensate for calories they weren’t getting in fat * meals can be variable but children are good at regulating overall intake

Answer 6

Children will rely on internal cues but can be overrun by external cues which can lead to more food consumption * yogurt study - encouraging taste * drink study - praise/ reward * peer modelling

Answer 7

external cues ate more high density Based on study: Adjustments with different energy density and use of internal vs external cues (convo about fullness vs. food) * yogurt – same amount with one high kcal and the other low kcal * offered an ad lib snack (unlimited amount) after yogurt * influence of internal vs external cues

Answer 8

Reward does not always encourage to eat more food creates an inadvertent side effect it seems like Children (3 to 5 years) offered novel drink * Praise if drink +/- offered more and encouraged * Movie ticket if drink +/- offered more and encouraged * Controls – got drink and movie ticket Offered drink again Consume less second time if praise or movie with or without encouragement to drink more the first time

Answer 9

Food preferences determined – children who didn’t like vegetable (target) mixed with peers who did and saw that peers influenced each other in both ways, so will accept and try new foods with peers * Evaluated frequency of choosing non-preferred food, and overall consumption of non-preferred food and children who did not like vegetables increased intake of that vegetables

Answer 10

assessment of appetite important in understanding regulation of food intake * appetite: subjective sensations of hunger, satiety, motivation to eat

Answer 11

visual analog scales are most commonly used to assess appetite for these ages

Answer 12

Developed a picture-based assessment for use in young children where they can point to pictures where they feel most hungry (board games, video games, walking dog etc.) * Before the age of ~8 years, not able to complete visual analog scales usually either starving or extremely hungry so hard to assess level of hunger and satiety. | Around peri-willer syndrome - part of this is ravenous hunger

Answer 13

Introduce “allergenic” food earlier * Purposeful early feeding of peanut is a reversal from the 2000 AAP recommendations that suggested high-risk infants avoid peanut to age 3 years.