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Peds > School-Age & Adolescent > Flashcards

School-Age & Adolescent Flashcards

1
Q

Erikson and Piaget’s developmental level for School-Age

A

Industry vs. Inferiority
Preoperational continues -
Concrete Operational

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2
Q

Erikson and Piaget’s developmental level for Adolescent

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Formal Operations

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3
Q

What is allergic rhinitis?

A

An inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa.

Allergies usual seasonal pattern

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4
Q

Allergic rhinitis symptoms?

A
  • Watery rhinorrhea
  • Congestion, nasal pruritus
  • Watery eyes
  • Post Nasal Drip, cough
  • Headaches
  • Allergic shiners, Dennie lines
  • Pale, swollen nasal turbinates
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5
Q

Allergic rhinitis patho?

A

-Allergens trigger release of IgE
-IgE triggers release of histamine
(causes mucosal edems and increased production of mucus)

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6
Q

Allergic rhinitis treatment?

A

AVOIDANCE
antihistamines, decongestants, intranasal steriood sprays, humidified air, nasal saline flushes
- Allergy shots (last resort)

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7
Q

What is asthma

A

A reaction airway disease, narrowing or obstruction of the airway triggered by stimuli and inflamtion that leads to mucosal edema and mucus hypersecretion.

  1. Bronchoconstriction
  2. Inflammation
  3. Increased mucus production
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8
Q

Short-term asthma medications?

A
  • Bronchodialators (Albuterol nebulizer/MDI)

- Oral Corticosteriods

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9
Q

Long-term asthma medications?

A
  • Bronchodialators & Steriods (Advair, Flovent, Pulmicort)

- Leukotriene Receptor Inhibitors (singulair)

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10
Q

Principles of post-op care for a pt. with tonsillectomy?

A
  • side lying is best, careful suctioning, pain managment
  • cool liquids, ice chips, ice collar
  • advance diet as tolerated, once fully awake (soft diet)
  • monitor for hemorrhage and signs of respiratory distress (stirdor, drooling, restlessness, agitation, increasing RR, cyanosis)
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11
Q

What is appendicitis?

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix, a 10-cm small, slender tube attached to the cecum.

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12
Q

What are symptoms of appendicitis?

A

RLQ pain, rebound pain, movement intensifies pain

n/v, anorexia

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13
Q

What are treatments of appendicitis? if ruptured?

A

laproscopic appendectomy.

open appendectomy.

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14
Q

Nursing considerations for appendicitis? if ruptured?

A
  • Vs, BS, IVF, pain, meds, abx
  • advance diet as tolerated once fully awake
  • if ruptured: drain may be placed, recovery 7-10 days untill back to normal
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15
Q

What are the important points to know about strep throat?

  • Usual suspect
  • CM
A
  • GABHS- if bacterial

- Sore throat, headache, fever = classic triad

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16
Q

What are some of the complications of strep throat?

A
  • Acute rheumatic fever 2-4 wks post strep

- Acute glomerulonephritis 10-14 days post op

17
Q

What is rheumatic fever?

  • CM
  • TX
  • Nursing
A

Inflammatory condition of the heart, joints, and CNS.

  • fever, arthralgia, carditis
  • abx, bed rest, pain meds
  • promote bed rest , adequate nutrition
18
Q

What is acute Glomerulonephritis?

  • CM
  • TX
  • Nursing
A

Acute kindeyinfection that can lead to HTN and heart failure.

  • dark urine, decreased UOP, decreased appetite, periorbital edema, previous strep infection, irritability
  • fluid, Na, K, Phosphate restriction, possibly diuretics, antihypertensives
  • monitoring VS, I&O’s, daily weight
19
Q

Nursing considerations of strep pharyngitis?

A

FLUIDS,
Sx Rx
Obtaining the throat specimen
Discard & replace toothbrush after 24hrs of antibiotics, infection control

20
Q

What is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)?

A

Chronic, inflammatory disease of connective tissue leading to erosion and fibrosis or the articular cartilage.

21
Q

How is JIA diagnosed?

CM?

A
  • elevated ESR, ANAs present
  • Joint pain, stiffness, decreased ROM, swelling, warmth
  • daily afternoon temperature spikes
22
Q

What is the treatment for JIA?

A
  • NSAIDS, antirheumatic drugs, corticosteroids
  • PT, OT
  • Frequent eye exams
23
Q

What is diabetes mellitus?

A

Chronic disorder of hyperglycemia resulting from defects in

  1. insulin secretion
  2. insulin action
  3. or both leading to alterations in protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism
24
Q

What are the basic classifications of type 1 & 2 DM?

A
  • Type1: immune mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells (produce insulin)
  • Type 2: body fails to use insulin properly leading to insulin resistance
25
Q

What is Celiac disease?

A

Intolerance to gluten
(protein in wheat, barley, rye, oats)
Unable to digest it, so it builds up to toxic levels which damage mucosal cells

26
Q

Celiac disease

  • CM
  • Dx
A

CM: appear around age 1-5
-diarrhea(watery, pale stools, very offensive odor)
-anorexia, abdominal pain & distension, vomiting anemia, irritability
Dx
-Biopsy of jejunal cells

27
Q

Celiac disease

  • Tx
  • Nursing
A 
Tx
-Gluten-free diet
-supplements as needed
Nursing
-Dietary teaching, nutritional consult
-Referral to support groups

Peds (5 decks)

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