School-Age & Adolescent Flashcards
Erikson and Piaget’s developmental level for School-Age
Industry vs. Inferiority
Preoperational continues -
Concrete Operational
Erikson and Piaget’s developmental level for Adolescent
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Formal Operations
What is allergic rhinitis?
An inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa.
Allergies usual seasonal pattern
Allergic rhinitis symptoms?
- Watery rhinorrhea
- Congestion, nasal pruritus
- Watery eyes
- Post Nasal Drip, cough
- Headaches
- Allergic shiners, Dennie lines
- Pale, swollen nasal turbinates
Allergic rhinitis patho?
-Allergens trigger release of IgE
-IgE triggers release of histamine
(causes mucosal edems and increased production of mucus)
Allergic rhinitis treatment?
AVOIDANCE
antihistamines, decongestants, intranasal steriood sprays, humidified air, nasal saline flushes
- Allergy shots (last resort)
What is asthma
A reaction airway disease, narrowing or obstruction of the airway triggered by stimuli and inflamtion that leads to mucosal edema and mucus hypersecretion.
- Bronchoconstriction
- Inflammation
- Increased mucus production
Short-term asthma medications?
- Bronchodialators (Albuterol nebulizer/MDI)
- Oral Corticosteriods
Long-term asthma medications?
- Bronchodialators & Steriods (Advair, Flovent, Pulmicort)
- Leukotriene Receptor Inhibitors (singulair)
Principles of post-op care for a pt. with tonsillectomy?
- side lying is best, careful suctioning, pain managment
- cool liquids, ice chips, ice collar
- advance diet as tolerated, once fully awake (soft diet)
- monitor for hemorrhage and signs of respiratory distress (stirdor, drooling, restlessness, agitation, increasing RR, cyanosis)
What is appendicitis?
inflammation of the vermiform appendix, a 10-cm small, slender tube attached to the cecum.
What are symptoms of appendicitis?
RLQ pain, rebound pain, movement intensifies pain
n/v, anorexia
What are treatments of appendicitis? if ruptured?
laproscopic appendectomy.
open appendectomy.
Nursing considerations for appendicitis? if ruptured?
- Vs, BS, IVF, pain, meds, abx
- advance diet as tolerated once fully awake
- if ruptured: drain may be placed, recovery 7-10 days untill back to normal
What are the important points to know about strep throat?
- Usual suspect
- CM
- GABHS- if bacterial
- Sore throat, headache, fever = classic triad
What are some of the complications of strep throat?
- Acute rheumatic fever 2-4 wks post strep
- Acute glomerulonephritis 10-14 days post op
What is rheumatic fever?
- CM
- TX
- Nursing
Inflammatory condition of the heart, joints, and CNS.
- fever, arthralgia, carditis
- abx, bed rest, pain meds
- promote bed rest , adequate nutrition
What is acute Glomerulonephritis?
- CM
- TX
- Nursing
Acute kindeyinfection that can lead to HTN and heart failure.
- dark urine, decreased UOP, decreased appetite, periorbital edema, previous strep infection, irritability
- fluid, Na, K, Phosphate restriction, possibly diuretics, antihypertensives
- monitoring VS, I&O’s, daily weight
Nursing considerations of strep pharyngitis?
FLUIDS,
Sx Rx
Obtaining the throat specimen
Discard & replace toothbrush after 24hrs of antibiotics, infection control
What is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)?
Chronic, inflammatory disease of connective tissue leading to erosion and fibrosis or the articular cartilage.
How is JIA diagnosed?
CM?
- elevated ESR, ANAs present
- Joint pain, stiffness, decreased ROM, swelling, warmth
- daily afternoon temperature spikes
What is the treatment for JIA?
- NSAIDS, antirheumatic drugs, corticosteroids
- PT, OT
- Frequent eye exams
What is diabetes mellitus?
Chronic disorder of hyperglycemia resulting from defects in
- insulin secretion
- insulin action
- or both leading to alterations in protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism
What are the basic classifications of type 1 & 2 DM?
- Type1: immune mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells (produce insulin)
- Type 2: body fails to use insulin properly leading to insulin resistance
