Scholarship Flashcards
What are the 4 measurement scales?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
What is the Nominal scale?
-Categorical data
A scale that uses labels to classify measurements
What are some examples of a nominal scale?
Sex, the city where you live, blood type, race, political party, pregnancy status
What is the ordinal scale?
-Categorical data
A scale where the variables have natural, ordered categories and the distance between the categories is UNKNOWN
What are some examples of an ordinal scale?
Movie ratings, military rank, socio-economic status, satisfaction rating
What is the interval scale?
-Numerical data
A quantitative scale where there is order and the difference between the 2 variables are meaningful
-an interval scale has no true zero and can represent values below
What are some examples of an interval scale?
Temperature (Celcius and Fahrenheit), pH, SAT score, credit score
What is a ratio scale?
-Numerical data
A quantitative scale where there are order and the difference between the 2 variables is meaningful
-a ratio scale has a clear defined zero, and the scale cannot go under it
What are some examples of a ratio scale?
Height, money, age, weight, temperature (kelvin)
What is qualitative research?
Gathering non-numerical data to study the social reality of individuals, groups or cultures
-investigates peoples beliefs, values, experiences
What is a case-control study?
An observational, analytic study
-compares cases (infected) and controls (non-infected) with respect to their level of exposure to a suspected risk factor
What is a cross-sectional (prevalence) study?
An observational, descriptive study
-gives a survey, a snapshot of health in a well-defined population
What is a cohort study and what are the different types?
An observational, analytic study
- Prospective cohort study- participants according to current or past exposure are followed up in the future to determine if the outcome occurs
- Retrospective cohort study- at the time the study is done, potential exposure and outcomes have occurred in the past
- cohort is looking at exposure vs non-exposure whereas case-control is looking at people with the illness vs those without
What is a randomised controlled trial?
An experimental study
-used for evaluating the intended effects of an intervention (preventive or therapeutic)
What is a cross-sectional (analytic) study?
An observational, analytic study
-outcome and exposure measured at the same time
including an odds ratio (analysis)
