Psychological Impact of Trauma Flashcards
What are the immediate effects of trauma?
- psychological shock
- distress
- anger
- inappropriate calmness
What is the immediate management of trauma?
- physical treatment
- explanation and reassurance about treatment
- information and support of relatives
- advice about activities/return to work
What are the cognitive responses to injury?
- cognitive appraisal
- finding a reason for an event
- self-image/body image
- impact on confidence
- desire for compensation?
What is normally the order of emotional responses following trauma?
Numbness, then anger, then shock, then depression
What are the behavioral responses to trauma?
-Agression and agitation
-Adherence to rehabilitation
This can be under-adherence (depression)
This can be over-adherence (anger)
What is the model of psychological response?
Injury/trauma occurs
- the injury along with Personal factors and Situational factors determines the individual’s cognitive appraisal
- the cognitive appraisal then leads to a combined effect of behavioral and emotional responses that determine the recovery outcome
What is recovery?
A return to a normal state of health, mind or strength
-But recovery changes depending on ones view and situation
What are the 3 stages to the self regulatory model?
Stage 1: Interpretation
Stage 2: Coping
Stage 3: Appraisal
What happens in stage 1 of the self regulatory model?
- Perception of injury ( attention, emotions etc)
- Cognitive representations (What is it? What caused it? What can be done? etc)
- Emotional response ( denial, anger, depression etc)
What happens in stage 2 of the self regulatory model?
2 styles:
- Approach style- learning about injury, rehabilitation etc
- Avoidant style- denial, wishful thinkinh, alcohol abuse etc.
What happens in stage 3 of the self regulatory model?
- Individual appraises sources of coping strategies
- Appraisal impacts on interpretation of threat and coping behaviour
- Individual regulates their own behavior
What are the possible psychological long term effects of severe trauma?
- Acute stress disorder (2 days- 4 weeks)
- PTSD (lasts longer than 4 weeks)
- Depression
- Chronic pain/disability
- Unexplained symptoms
What are the possible social long term effects of severe trauma?
- Family disruption
- Relationship problems
- Depression among family members
- Inability to return to work
What are psychological management techniques for longer-term side effects of trauma?
- Identification of psychological problems (e.g depression)
- Cognitive behaviour therapy
- Anxiety management
- Victim support group
