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Clin Med 1 > Schoenwald Respiratory Pathogens/Tx > Flashcards

Schoenwald Respiratory Pathogens/Tx Flashcards

1
Q

Pertussis

A

pathogen: bortadella pertussis

tx: macrolides

prevention: macrolides

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2
Q

pneumocystitis PNA

A

pathogen: pneumocystis jerovecci (fungus)

tx: Bactrim

prophylaxis: Bactrim

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3
Q

active TB

A

pathogen: myobacterium tuberculosis

tx:

Rifampin

Isoniazid

Pyrazinamide

Ethambutol

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4
Q

latent TB

A

pathogen: myobacterium tuberculosis

tx: Rifampin qd

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5
Q

TB - AIDS

A

tx:

Isoniazid

Streptomycin/Clindamycin → 2nd line tx to replace Rifampin

Pyrazinamide

Ethambutol

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6
Q

TB - Pregnant

A

Isoniazid

Rifampin

Ethambutol

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7
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

tx: Fluoroquinolones

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8
Q

CF - stenotrophomonas

A

Bactrim

Fluoroquinolones

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9
Q

CF - pseudomonas

A

inhaled tobramycin

Fluoroquinolones

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10
Q

COVID19 - hospitalized pt

A

Remdesivir

Dexamethasone

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11
Q

COVID19 outpt

A

monoclonal abs

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12
Q

COVID19 - prevention

A

Molnupiravir

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13
Q

CAP

A

pathogen:

streptococcus pneumoniae

tx:

no comorbidities or risk for MRSA/pseudomonas:

Amoxicillin 1 gm TID

Doxycycline 100 mg bid

OR

Macrolides if local pneumococcal resistance <25%

+ comorbidities:

Augmentin

OR

cephalosporin + doxycycline

OR

monotherapy w. Fluoroquinolones

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14
Q

H.flu

A

tx:

  1. Augmentin
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Fluoroquinolones
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15
Q

Legionella Pneumophilla - Legionaire’s Dz

A

pathogen: atypical pathogens

Legionella pneumophila → highest mortality PNA

tx:

Macrolides

Fluoroquinolones

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16
Q

Atypical Pathogens of Concern

A

mycoplasma → walking PNA

chlamydophila

legionella pneumophila

tx:

macrolides

Fluoroquinolones

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17
Q

Viral PNA

A

influenza

adenovirus

RSV

parainfluenza

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18
Q

Hospital Acquired PNA

A

pathogens:

pseudomonas

Acinetobacter

s.aureus; H.flu; Klebsiella pneumoniae; E.coli

tx:

based on risk for MRSA and local antibiogram data

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19
Q

Ventilator Associated PNA

A

pathogen: pseudomonas

tx:

Cefepime

Imipenem

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20
Q

Aspiration PNA

A

pathogen: anaerobic organisms

Peptostep

Prevotella

Flusobacterium

tx:

Pipercillin/Tazo

Clindamycin

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21
Q

MRSA PNA

A

tx:

Linezolid has better outcomes than Vanco

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22
Q

Sinusitis

A

pathogens: most commonly viral

bacterial:

strep pneumo

H.flu

M.catarrhalis

tx:

kids: Augmentin

PCN allergy: Levofloxacin

adults: Augmentin

PCN allergy: Doxycycline

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23
Q

what abx should be avoided for s. pneumoniae and empiric tx in CO

A

macrolides!

70% resistance

24
Q

Influenza

A

tx:

Neuroaminidase inhibitors: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and/or Zanamivir (Relenza)

25
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

pathogen: usually viral

bacterial: m.catarrhalis

tx:

Macrolides

Bactrim

26
Q

Fungal Lung Infxns

A

pathogen:

Aspergillus

Candida albicans

tx:

Fluconazole

Voriconazole

27
Q

S. pneumoniae prevention

A

indications:

65 yo or older

asplenic

immunocompromised

types:

Prevnar 13

Pneumovax 23

>65 yo get both

28
Q

gram negative bacteria common. names

A

E.coli

Klebsiella

Pseudomonas

H.flu

29
Q

gram negative common infxns

A

UTI

cystitis

30
Q

common bacteria of the nose and sinuses

A

s. aureus
s. pneumo

H.flu

viruses

31
Q

common bacteria of the ear

A

strep pneumo

s. aureus

group B strep

H.flu

32
Q

common bacteria of the bronchi and bronchioles

A

H.flu

S. pneumoniae

bortadella pertussis

mycoplasma

33
Q

common bacteria of the throat and tonsils

A

S. pyogenes

Corynebacterium diphtheria

H.flu

viruses

34
Q

common bacteria of the alveoli

A

s. pneumo
s. aureus

klebsiella

legionella

myobacterium tuberculosis

viruses

35
Q

most important pathogen in respiratory infxns

A

s. pneumoniae

36
Q

SABAs

A

Albuterol

Xopenex

37
Q

SAMAs

A

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

38
Q

Combo SABA/SAMA

A

Albuterol + Atrovent

39
Q

LABAs

A

Salmeterol (Serevent)

Formoterol (Perforomist)

Aformoterol (Brovana)

40
Q

LAMAs

A

Aclidinium Bromide (Tudorza Genuair)

Glycopyrronium Bromide (Foradil)

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

41
Q

ICS

A

Beclomethasone (QVAR)

Fluticasone (Flovent)

Budesonide (Pulmicort)

42
Q

Leukotriene Modifiers

A

Montelukast (Singulair)

43
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizers

A

Cromolyn Sodium

Nedocromil

44
Q

Advair

A

LABA + ICS

Salmeterol + Fluticasone

45
Q

Trelegy Ellipta

A

LAMA + ICS

Umeclidinum/Fluticasone

46
Q

tx for exercise induced asthma

A

prn SABA

47
Q

tx for non exercise induced asthma

A

SMART guidelines: ICS + LABA

  1. PRN Symbicort
  2. Symbicort daily
  3. low dose Symbicort
  4. medium dose Symbicort
  5. high dose Symbicort
48
Q

Symbicort

Advair

A

fluticasone + Salmeterol

(ICS + LABA)

49
Q

COPD: Group A tx

A

SABA

50
Q

COPD: group B

A

LABA or LAMA

51
Q

COPD tx: group C

A

LAMA

52
Q

COPD group D tx

A

LAMA

or

LAMA + LABA

or

ICS + LABA

53
Q

croup

A

mild: dexamethasone

moderate: racemic epi + dexamethasone

severe: racemic epi q 20 min + dexamethasone; admit

54
Q

bacterial tracheitis

A
  1. visualize airway in controlled environment
  2. intubation
  3. broad spectrum abx
55
Q

pertussis peds

A

usually viral Azithromycin can help

avoid steroids

56
Q

Insomnia

A
  1. CBT
  2. Melatonin
  3. Trazadone
57
Q

Narcolepsy

A

1. Modafinil (Provagil)

  1. Ritalin/Concerta
  2. Amphetamines

Clin Med 1 (6 decks)

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