Schoenwald Respiratory Pathogens/Tx Flashcards
Pertussis
pathogen: bortadella pertussis
tx: macrolides
prevention: macrolides
pneumocystitis PNA
pathogen: pneumocystis jerovecci (fungus)
tx: Bactrim
prophylaxis: Bactrim
active TB
pathogen: myobacterium tuberculosis
tx:
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
latent TB
pathogen: myobacterium tuberculosis
tx: Rifampin qd
TB - AIDS
tx:
Isoniazid
Streptomycin/Clindamycin → 2nd line tx to replace Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
TB - Pregnant
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Bronchiectasis
tx: Fluoroquinolones
CF - stenotrophomonas
Bactrim
Fluoroquinolones
CF - pseudomonas
inhaled tobramycin
Fluoroquinolones
COVID19 - hospitalized pt
Remdesivir
Dexamethasone
COVID19 outpt
monoclonal abs
COVID19 - prevention
Molnupiravir
CAP
pathogen:
streptococcus pneumoniae
tx:
no comorbidities or risk for MRSA/pseudomonas:
Amoxicillin 1 gm TID
Doxycycline 100 mg bid
OR
Macrolides if local pneumococcal resistance <25%
+ comorbidities:
Augmentin
OR
cephalosporin + doxycycline
OR
monotherapy w. Fluoroquinolones
H.flu
tx:
- Augmentin
- Cephalosporins
- Fluoroquinolones
Legionella Pneumophilla - Legionaire’s Dz
pathogen: atypical pathogens
Legionella pneumophila → highest mortality PNA
tx:
Macrolides
Fluoroquinolones
Atypical Pathogens of Concern
mycoplasma → walking PNA
chlamydophila
legionella pneumophila
tx:
macrolides
Fluoroquinolones
Viral PNA
influenza
adenovirus
RSV
parainfluenza
Hospital Acquired PNA
pathogens:
pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
s.aureus; H.flu; Klebsiella pneumoniae; E.coli
tx:
based on risk for MRSA and local antibiogram data
Ventilator Associated PNA
pathogen: pseudomonas
tx:
Cefepime
Imipenem
Aspiration PNA
pathogen: anaerobic organisms
Peptostep
Prevotella
Flusobacterium
tx:
Pipercillin/Tazo
Clindamycin
MRSA PNA
tx:
Linezolid has better outcomes than Vanco
Sinusitis
pathogens: most commonly viral
bacterial:
strep pneumo
H.flu
M.catarrhalis
tx:
kids: Augmentin
PCN allergy: Levofloxacin
adults: Augmentin
PCN allergy: Doxycycline
what abx should be avoided for s. pneumoniae and empiric tx in CO
macrolides!
70% resistance
Influenza
tx:
Neuroaminidase inhibitors: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and/or Zanamivir (Relenza)
Chronic Bronchitis
pathogen: usually viral
bacterial: m.catarrhalis
tx:
Macrolides
Bactrim
Fungal Lung Infxns
pathogen:
Aspergillus
Candida albicans
tx:
Fluconazole
Voriconazole
S. pneumoniae prevention
indications:
65 yo or older
asplenic
immunocompromised
types:
Prevnar 13
Pneumovax 23
>65 yo get both
gram negative bacteria common. names
E.coli
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
H.flu
gram negative common infxns
UTI
cystitis
common bacteria of the nose and sinuses
s. aureus
s. pneumo
H.flu
viruses
common bacteria of the ear
strep pneumo
s. aureus
group B strep
H.flu
common bacteria of the bronchi and bronchioles
H.flu
S. pneumoniae
bortadella pertussis
mycoplasma
common bacteria of the throat and tonsils
S. pyogenes
Corynebacterium diphtheria
H.flu
viruses
common bacteria of the alveoli
s. pneumo
s. aureus
klebsiella
legionella
myobacterium tuberculosis
viruses
most important pathogen in respiratory infxns
s. pneumoniae
SABAs
Albuterol
Xopenex
SAMAs
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Combo SABA/SAMA
Albuterol + Atrovent
LABAs
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Formoterol (Perforomist)
Aformoterol (Brovana)
LAMAs
Aclidinium Bromide (Tudorza Genuair)
Glycopyrronium Bromide (Foradil)
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
ICS
Beclomethasone (QVAR)
Fluticasone (Flovent)
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
Leukotriene Modifiers
Montelukast (Singulair)
Mast Cell Stabilizers
Cromolyn Sodium
Nedocromil
Advair
LABA + ICS
Salmeterol + Fluticasone
Trelegy Ellipta
LAMA + ICS
Umeclidinum/Fluticasone
tx for exercise induced asthma
prn SABA
tx for non exercise induced asthma
SMART guidelines: ICS + LABA
- PRN Symbicort
- Symbicort daily
- low dose Symbicort
- medium dose Symbicort
- high dose Symbicort
Symbicort
Advair
fluticasone + Salmeterol
(ICS + LABA)
COPD: Group A tx
SABA

COPD: group B
LABA or LAMA
COPD tx: group C
LAMA
COPD group D tx
LAMA
or
LAMA + LABA
or
ICS + LABA
croup
mild: dexamethasone
moderate: racemic epi + dexamethasone
severe: racemic epi q 20 min + dexamethasone; admit
bacterial tracheitis
- visualize airway in controlled environment
- intubation
- broad spectrum abx
pertussis peds
usually viral Azithromycin can help
avoid steroids
Insomnia
- CBT
- Melatonin
- Trazadone
Narcolepsy
1. Modafinil (Provagil)
- Ritalin/Concerta
- Amphetamines