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Clin Med 1 > ABGs > Flashcards

ABGs Flashcards

1
Q

ABGs measure arterial (5 things)

A

pH

pO2

pCO2

bicarb

O2 sat

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2
Q

primary buffer system of the body

A

carbonic acid/bicarbonate system

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3
Q

in the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system, CO2 is regulated by the

A

lungs

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4
Q

in the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system, bicarb is regulated by the

A

kidneys

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5
Q

equation of life

A

HCO3 + H+ → ← H2CO3 →← CO2 + H2O

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6
Q

lungs release CO2 → increased blood CO2 =

A

respiratory acidosis

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7
Q

decreased blood CO2 levels =

A

respiratory alkalosis

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8
Q

kidneys increase blood bicarb =

A

metabolic alkalosis

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9
Q

kidneys decrease blood bicarb =

A

metabolic acidosis

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10
Q

ABGs are ordered for

A

critically ill pt

ventilate pt

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11
Q

normal pH

A

7.36-7.44

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12
Q

normal pCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

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13
Q

pCO2 gives you information about

A

lung function → CO2 excretion

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14
Q

elevated pCO2 implies

A

inadequate ventilation

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15
Q

normal blood carriage of pCO2 in plasma

A

10%

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16
Q

what % of pCO2 is in RBC

A

90%

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17
Q

where does the equation of life occur

A

kidneys

RBC

lungs

mainly kidneys and RBC

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18
Q

which has higher pCO2 - arteries or veins

A

veins

venous blood takes the CO2 to the periphery

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19
Q

normal pO2 range

A

80-100 mmHg

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20
Q

levels < __ suggest significant reduction in hgb sat and impaired O2 delivery

A

60

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21
Q

is pO2 lower in veinous or arterial blood

A

lower in venous blood

arteries carry it to periphery

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22
Q

normal bicarb levels

A

22-26 mEq/L

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23
Q

what is CO2 on an electrolyte panel measuring

A

venous bicarb

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24
Q

on a lyte panel, __ and

__ mirror one another

A

venous CO2 and bicarb

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25
Q

negative base excess =

A

metabolic acidosis

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26
Q

positive base excess =

A

metabolic alkalosis or compensation to respiratory acidosis

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27
Q

respiratory alkalosis can occur with

A

hyperventilation

anxiety

overventilation of patients on ventilators

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28
Q

pH in respiratory alkalosis will be

A

high

29
Q

pCO2 in respiratory alkalosis will be

A

low

30
Q

respiratory acidosis occurs with what conditions

A

COPD

asthma

drug overdose

PNA

hypoventilation

31
Q

pH in respiratory acidosis

A

low

32
Q

pCO2 in respiratory acidosis

A

high

33
Q

what conditions cause metabolic alkalosis

A

loss of gastric acid → vomiting

diuretic usage

34
Q

pH in metabolic alkalosis

A

high

35
Q

bicarb in metabolic alkalosis

A

high

36
Q

metabolic acidosis occurs with

A

DKA

starvation

alcoholics

lactic acidosis

37
Q

pH in metabolic acidosis

A

low

38
Q

HCO3 in metabolic acidosis

A

low

39
Q

MUDPILES

A

causes of metabolic acidosis

methanol poisoning

uremia

DKA

propylene glycol

INH or Iron

lactic acid

ethanol

salicylates

40
Q

electrolyte panel includes

A

Na

K

Cl

CO2

41
Q

Na+ nl

A

135-145 meq/l

42
Q

K+ normal

A

3.5-4.5 meq/l

43
Q

Cl nl

A

98-106 meq/l

44
Q

CO2 nl

A

23-30 meq/l

mirrors bicarb on lytes panel

45
Q

metabolic alkalosis and acidosis will cause _ changes

bc water and sodium are regulated by the __

A

electrolyte

kidney

46
Q

anion gap is the

A

difference btw cations and anions in extracellular space

47
Q

nl ion gap

A

3-11 mEq/L

48
Q

anion gap evaluates

A

metabolic acidosis

49
Q

anion gap equation

A

Na-(Cl+CO2)

50
Q

increased anion gap indicates

A

increased negatively charged weak acids

51
Q

steps to interpreting ABGs

A
  1. look at pH → acidosis or alkalosis?
  2. check the CO2 → respiratory indicator
  3. check the HCO3 → metabolic indicator
  4. what is primary disorder → resp or metabolic
52
Q

CO2 <35 =

A

respiratory alkalosis

53
Q

CO2 > 45 =

A

respiratory acidosis

54
Q

HCO3 < 22 =

A

metabolic acidosis

55
Q

HCO3 > 26 =

A

metabolic alkalosis

56
Q

if pH is low then look to see if CO2 or HCO3 is acidosis →

A

high CO2 → respiratory acidosis

low bicarb → metabolic acidosis

57
Q

if pH is high then look to see if CO2 or HCO3 is alkalosis →

A

low CO2 → respiratory alkalosis

high bicarb → metabolic alkalosis

58
Q

Interpreting ABGs

A
59
Q

the value that matches the pH indicates

A

the primary disorder

60
Q

compensation refers to when

A

the respiratory and renal systems compensate for one another

61
Q

kidneys compensate __ than the lungs

A

slower

62
Q

in compensation, if the nonprimary system is in the normal range that means that

A

compensation is NOT happening

63
Q

most common places to obtain ABGs

A

brachial and radial arteries

64
Q

the Allen test is used for

A

evaluation of collateral circulation of radial artery BEFORE you do a radial stick for ABG

65
Q

pt breathing in respiratory alkalosis

A

fast breathing

66
Q

in order for true compensation to occur, the __ has to be normal

A

pH

67
Q

is this compensation:

acidodic: pH
alkalotic: CO2
bicarb: acidodic

A

this is metabolic acidosis, but w.o compensation bc the pH is not normal

this is attempted compensation

68
Q

iSAT uses __ blood instead of arterial blood

A

capillary

Clin Med 1 (6 decks)

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