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Phys/Patho Renal Exam > Schoenwald Renal Part Two > Flashcards

Schoenwald Renal Part Two Flashcards

1
Q

Painless hematuria in a smoker is __________ until proven otherwise

A

bladder cancer

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2
Q

Most forms of asymptomatic hematuria caused by glomerular disease are due to __________ ___________ abnormalities

A

basement membrane abonrmalities

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3
Q

The most common cause of asymptomatic hematuria is ______ nephropathy caused by immune complex formation

A

IgA

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4
Q

What are the four most common causes of asymptomatic hematuria?

A
  1. IgA nephropathy
  2. Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
  3. Alport syndrome
  4. Thin basement membrane disease
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5
Q

This is the mc primary cause of glomerulonephritis and a defect in the production and clearance of IgA

A

IgA nephropathy

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6
Q

IgA nephropathy is associated with ________ disease and _________

A

Celiac and henoch-schonlein purpura

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7
Q

Light microscopy of this disease shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of crescent cells

A

IgA nephropathy

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8
Q

IgA mediated vasculitis mc in children 3-8 years old, and often following a strep or viral infection

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

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9
Q

Symptoms of this disease include GI bleeding, abd pain and arthralgias

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

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10
Q

Classic palpable purpura on legs and buttocks

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of palpable purpura? Does it blanch?

A

It does not blanch and it is a rash that is bigger than petichae and feels nodular

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12
Q

What are four types of tubulointerstitial diseases (involving the renal tubules and interstitum)?

A
  1. Acute tubulointerstitial disease
  2. Acute interstitial nephritis
  3. Chronic tubulointerstitial disease
  4. Chronic interstitial nephritis
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13
Q

This is a type of acute renal failure over a period of days to weeks causing hematuria and is most commonly caused by an infection from a drug reaction

A

Acute tubulointerstitial disease

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14
Q

Drug reaction, fever, eosinophilia and elevated IgE

A

Acute tubulointerstitial disease

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15
Q

Microscopic findings of this disease include edema of cells, neutrophils, and focal necrotizing infiltrates

A

Acute tubulointerstitial disease

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16
Q

What are some medications that can cause Acute tubulointerstitial disease?

A

PRSC

PCNs, Rifampin, Sulfonamides, cipro

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17
Q

This disease refers to noninfectious cause of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and usually caused by penicillins and sulfonamides

A

AIN

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18
Q

Microscopic findings of this disease include interstitial lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and sometimes giant cells and granulomas

A

AIN

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19
Q

This disease is characterized by renal insufficiency, hypertension, anemia and non-nephritic proteinuria occurring over years and often due to analgesic nephropathy over years (long-term NSAID use)

A

Chronic tubulointerstitial disease

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20
Q

Microscopy of this disease shows cellular infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and macrophages with interstitial fibrosis present

A

Chronic tubulointerstitial disease

*scarring/fibrosis indicates chronic

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21
Q

This is the most common cause of AKI

A

ATN

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22
Q

This disease is characterized by a rapid onset of necrosis of tubular epithelium with subsequent loss of renal function where tubular injury and decreased GFR leads to acute tubular necrosis

A

ATN

23
Q

Protein casts in urine (Tamm Horsfall protein)

A

ATN

24
Q

Aminoglycosides and IV contrast are very toxic to the kidneys and can cause what disease?

A

ATN

**aminoglycosides -> gentamycin, tobramycin

25
Q

Is this initiating, maintenance or recovery in the ATN stage?
Event that causes, no change in renal output

A

initiating

26
Q

Is this initiating, maintenance or recovery in the ATN stage?
Oliguria, renal flow slows to <400 mls of urine, starts within 24 hrs of initiating event

A

maintenance

27
Q

Is this initiating, maintenance or recovery in the ATN stage?
Increased urine output, up to 3 L, electrolyte disturbances at this time leads to increased risk of death

A

recovery

28
Q

This renal pathology is when microvascular changes in the capillaires of the kidneys result in accelerated degeneration and turnover of connective tissue

A

Diabetic nephropathy

29
Q

Is diabetic nephropathy nephritic or nephrotic?

A

nephrotic

30
Q

Diabetic nephropathy also causes _________ changes at the afferent and efferent arterioles

A

arteriosclerotic

31
Q

Clinical presentation of this disease is dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency, suprapubic discomfort

A

cystitis

32
Q

What labs are + on UA for cystitis?

A

Leukocyte esterase and nitrates positive on UA

33
Q

White cell casts

A

acute pyelonephritis

34
Q

inlammation of kidney due to ascending infection or hematogenous spread

A

acute pyelonephritis

35
Q

Common bacteria in acute pyelonephritis?

A

E. coli, proteus, enterobacter

36
Q

These are symptoms of what?

A

Acute onset of fever, chills, rigors, back pain with CVA tenderness

37
Q

What is emphysematous pyelonephritis?

A

A complication of acute pyelonephritis in diabetics where there is gas production in the renal parenchyma due to E. coli

38
Q

Sickle cell patients are at risk for _________ _______

A

papillary necrosis

39
Q

What is the most common composition of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)?

A

calcium oxalate

40
Q

This is a radiolucent stone associated with leukemia and lymphoma due to rapid cell turnover

A

uric acid stones

41
Q

This type of stone is associated with proteus, providenica and pseudomonas infection

A

struvite (staghorn calculi)

42
Q

These are fluid filled cysts in the cortex of the kidney that are benign?

A

simple cysts

43
Q

This type of cyst can cause HTN and is associated with berry aneurysms- source of SAH?

A

polycystic kidney disease

44
Q

What is the most common renal neoplasm in adults and kids?

A

Adults- renal cell carcinoma

Kids- Wilms tumor

45
Q

Clear cell renal carcinoma is a common subtype of what type of cancer?

A

renal cell carcinoma

46
Q

This type of cancer has a propensity to invade the renal vein and mestasize to the heart

A

Renal cell carcinoma

47
Q

Renal cell carcinomas produce ______ and result in this disease

A

EPO, polycythemia vera

48
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome

A

polycythemia, hypercalcemia, HTN

49
Q

Triad of hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass

A

Renal cell carcinoma

50
Q

These are small outpouchings or envaginations of the bladder wall caused by bladder outlet obstruction

A

bladder diverticuli

51
Q

This is an impairment of bladder function as a result of carious conditions and can cause increased risk of UTIs

A

neurogenic bladder

52
Q

_____ is a major cause of neurogenic bladder

A

MS

53
Q

What type of cancer is bladder cancer?

A

Transitional cell

54
Q

__________ is linked with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

A

Urinary Schistosomiasis

parasite that can migrate into the bladder when you’re swimming

Phys/Patho Renal Exam (4 decks)

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