Schizosomiasis Flashcards
Discuss life cycle of schistosomiasis/ bilharzia
Screenshot on phone
Outline clinical features of chronic phase of schistosomiasis
Fibrosis – bladder and ureters
Small bladder capacity
Ureteral strictures - hydronephrosis, hydroureter
Obstructive Nephropathy
Bladder Malignancy
Outline clinical features of early chronic phase of schistosomiasis
Ongoing reinfection and egg production
Ulceration and psuedopolyps –ureter and bladder
Lesions reversible with treatment before onset of fibrosis
How would you make a diagnosis of schistosomiasis
History – travel to endemic areas or
Blood count – Eosinophilia (hypersensitivity reaction)
Urine Microscopy
Bilharzia Antibody test
Cystoscopy and Biopsy
Ultrasonography
CT Intravenous Pyelogram
What treatment is used to eradicate worms in schistosomiasis
Worm eradication – Praziquantel 40mg/kg single dose or two divided dose.
What do you use to treat acute schistosomiasis syndrome (swimmers itch)
Corticosteroids
Which STI can be seen with Urethritis, clear or white discharge, Epididymitis, Prostatitis
Chlamydia trachomatis
What drugs or medication is used for nocturnal enuresis
Desmopressin (fluid restriction avoids Hyponatremia)
Imipramine/ Tofranil (TCA, s/e of cardiac arrhythmias)
Anticholinergic (if daytime sx)
(Nor before 7 years)
Which enuresis medication can lead to cardiac arrhythmias
Imipramine / Tofranil (TCA)
Which enuresis medication can cause Hyponatremia
Desmopressin
(Fluid restrict them)
Which enuresis medication can be given If pt has daytime sx
Anticholinergics
Which enuresis medication has high relapse rate
Desmopressin
What is the gold standard investigation for pneumaturia
CT with contrast
Others: Cystogram and Colonoscopy
In which patients is contrast contraindicated
Iodine allergy
Renal dysfunction
Hat are the indications for urodynamuc studies
LUTS in men
OAB
Dysfunctional voiding in children
Neuropathic bladder
What do urodynamic studies record or used to measure
They’re pressure measuring catheters placed in both bladder and rectum
Bladder filled with fluid then they pee
Measures
1. Pressure
2. Volume
3. Activity
4. Emptying of bladder
So filling, storage and voiding phases
What are the risk factors for becteriuria in pregnancy (asymptomatic bacteriuria)
Low SES
Multi parity
Sickle cell trait
Antibiotics of choice in pregnant patients for UTI prophylaxis
Penicillin (Amoxicillin) and Cephalosporins
Nitrofurantoin safe in 1st and 2nd Trimester - Not for G6PD deficiency
3-7 days
Which antibiotics is contraindicated in pregnant patients with G6PD deficiency
Nitrofurantoin
Which antibiotics are contraindicated in pregnant
Fluroquinolones
Bactrum
Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol
