Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
group of psychotic disorders characterized by loss of contact with reality and severe dysfunction in cognitive, emotional, perceptive, and behavioral abilities
schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
broad term referring to having paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions
psychosis
massive disruption of thinking, mood, and overall behavior coupled with poor filtering of stimuli
schizophrenic disorder
what kind of disorder is schizophrenia?
multifactorial
what is the hypothesized pathophysiology of schizophrenia?
dysregulation of neurotransmitters
hyperactive dopamine in the _____ tract leads to _____ symptoms
mesolimbic
positive
hypoactive dopamine in the _____ tract leads to _____ symptoms
mesocortical
negative
at least 1 episode of psychosis and persistent disturbance of thought, behavior, appearance, speech, and affect
schizophrenic disorder
when in a psychotic episode of schizophrenia, how is the patient’s memory capacity?
intact and oriented x3
a psychotic episode can be _____ or follow a _____ event
spontaneous
traumatic/stressful
what is a diagnostic used to rule out other things causing schizophrenic disorder?
labs
how many positive/negative symptoms must be present to diagnose schizophrenic disorder, and for how long?
at least 2
1 month
how long must continuous signs of disturbance be present to diagnose schizophrenia?
at least 6 months
phase in schizophrenia that is prior to the 1st psychotic episode, patient is still functioning in reality, presents with increase in social withdrawal, and increase interest in religion, the occult and philosophy
prodromal
phase in schizophrenia that is the psychotic break from reality
psychotic
phase in schizophrenia that is the period between psychotic episodes, negative symptoms are still present, and the patient is not back to “normal”
residual
in schizophrenic disorder, what kind of hallucinations are the most common?
auditory
delusions that revolve around issues of bodily decay or infestation
somatic delusions
what is the most common somatic delusion?
bugs in the body
what can polydipsia in schizophrenic disorder lead to?
water intoxication / hyponatremia
what can be done when a patient with schizophrenic disorder is grossly disorganized or represents a potential threat to themselves or others?
hospitalization
removes the patient’s rights and ability to check out from care for 48 hrs due to potential threat to their own or others safety
emergency detention
in Texas, who can place a patient under emergency detention?
police officer or judge
what is the treatment of choice for schizophrenic disorder?
antipsychotics
what 2 typical antipsychotics can be used to treat schizophrenic disorder?
haloperidol
chlorpromazine
what are the side effects of typical antipsychotics?
extrapyramidal side effects
what can too much antipsychotic or stopping of an antipsychotic lead to?
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
what can dyskinesia and dystonia from taking typical antipsychotics be treated with?
diphenhydramine
what 3 atypical antipsychotics can be used to treat schizophrenic disorder?
clozapine
risperidone
olanzapine
what side effects can atypical antipsychotics cause? (2)
QT prolongation
weight gain
what psychological treatment used for schizophrenia disorder helps the patient gain insight and become more self-observant recognizing early signs of stress?
psychotherapy
what psychological treatment used for schizophrenia disorder helps the patient challenge their own psychotic thinking and alter their responses?
CBT
what psychological treatment used for schizophrenia disorder helps prevent hospitalizations?
acceptance and commitment therapy
what psychological treatment used for schizophrenia disorder helps patients become better able to focus their disorganized thinking?
cognitive remediation therapy
what psychological treatment used for schizophrenia disorder helps alleviate the patient’s stress and assist relatives in coping with the patient’s disease?
family therapy
what symptoms of schizophrenic disorder can be treated successfully with medication?
positive symptoms
a psychosis in which the predominant symptoms is a persistent delusion for over 1 month, and intellectual and occupational activities are not necessarily affected
delusional disorder
beliefs that are false and not based on reality, yet cannot be changed despite being shown evidence; not based on culturally acceptable beliefs or ignorance
delusions
delusions disorder subtype in which the patient believes that another person, who is usually famous or in some kind of higher status, is secretly in love with them
erotomanic type
delusions disorder subtype in which the patient believes they have special prominence or talent, unusual fame, or major achievements
grandiose type
delusions disorder subtype in which the patient believes that a spouse or lover is unfaithful and finds “evidence” to support the delusion , accuses them, and relentlessly tries to substantiate the offense
jealous type
delusions disorder subtype in which the patient is typically preoccupied by a delusion that he or she is being persecuted, conspired against, or potentially harmed
persecutory type
delusions disorder subtype in which the patient believes that something awful is wrong with their body
somatic type
delusions disorder subtype in which no one delusional theme predominates
mixed type
delusions disorder subtype in which the dominant delusions belief cannot be clearly determined
unspecified type
what is the first-line treatment for delusional disorder?
atypical antipsychotics
besides medication, what can be used to treat delusional disorder?
supportive psychotherapy
affective symptoms precede or develop at the same time as psychotic manifestations, and the psychotic symptoms linger for longer than the affective symptoms (2 weeks longer) but are not permanent
schizoaffective disorder
what 3 medications can be used to treat schizoaffective disorder?
mood stabilizers
antidepressants
atypical antipsychotics
what 2 types of therapy are helpful in schizoaffective disorder?
CBT
family therapy
similar symptoms to schizophrenic disorder, except that the duration of prodromal, acute, and residual symptoms is between 1-6 months
schizophreniform disorder
what medication is used to treat schizophreniform disorder?
atypical antipsychotics while symptoms last
what 2 types of therapy are helpful in schizophreniform disorder?
CBT
family therapy
psychotic symptoms lasting less than 1 month as a result of psychological stress
brief psychotic disorder
what medication is used to treat brief psychotic disorder?
atypical antipsychotics
