Pediatric/Adolescent-Related Disorders

Question 1

what is the most common neurobehavioral condition in children?

Answer 1

ADHD

Question 2

developmentally inappropriate lack of attention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that interferes with a patient’s life

Answer 2

ADHD

Question 3

what are the general findings of an MRI in patients with ADHD?

Answer 3

different morphology and decreased metabolic activity in frontal lobe

Question 4

what is the #1 risk factor of ADHD, based on twin studies?

Answer 4

inheritability

Question 5

how many symptoms must persist and over how long, to diagnose a patient with ADHD?

Answer 5

at least 6 symptoms within one category that persist for over 6 months

Question 6

at what age should symptoms be present to diagnose a patient with ADHD?

Answer 6

several symptoms present before 12 yo

Question 7

in how many settings must symptoms be present to diagnose a patient with ADHD?

Answer 7

present in at least 2 settings

Question 8

what is the most effective tool in diagnosing ADHD?

Answer 8

Conners Abbreviated Symptoms Questionnaire

Question 9

what is the 1st line management for 4-6 yo with ADHD?

Answer 9

parent-training in behavioral management

Question 10

what medications are used for ADHD?

Answer 10

psychostimulants

Question 11

what is the titrate rule for psychostimulants for ADHD?

Answer 11

start at low dose and titrate as needed in 2-4 week intervals

Question 12

what is NOT recommended for psychostimulants in patients with ADHD?

Answer 12

drug holidays

Question 13

what can be helpful for sleeping problems in ADHD?

Answer 13

melatonin at bedtime

Question 14

what should NOT be given to children with ADHD, due to being ineffective and potentially dangerous?

Answer 14

megavitamins

Question 15

pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months and exhibited during interaction with at least one individual who is not a sibling

Answer 15

oppositional defiant disorder

Question 16

recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses

Answer 16

intermittent explosive disorder

Question 17

patients have difficulty recognizing and respecting the rules and rights of others, leading to trouble at home, in school, and law enforcement

Answer 17

conduct disorder

Question 18

at what age is conduct disorder most diagnosed?

Answer 18

before 16 years of age

Question 19

conduct disorder is most often associated with which disorder?

Answer 19

ADHD

Question 20

what is the timeline necessary to diagnose a patient with conduct disorder?

Answer 20

symptoms/behaviors in the past 12 months

Question 21

a patient presents with aggression to animals/people, destruction of property, deceitfulness/theft, and serious violation of rules before age 13. what are they likely experiencing?

Answer 21

conduct disorder

Question 22

what is the general goal of management in patients with conduct disorder?

Answer 22

early intervention with multi-professional team to avoid the problems from becoming a part of the child’s personality

Question 23

what is helpful to parents who have children younger than 3 with conduct disorder?

Answer 23

group parent training

Question 24

what type of management should be recommended for everyone with conduct disorder?

Answer 24

therapy

Question 25

what medication can be used for conduct disorder to reduce aggression in children 5-18

Answer 25

risperidone

Question 26

40% of childhood onset conduct disorder develops into adult _____ _____ _____

Answer 26

antisocial personality disorder

Question 27

in ASD, when must symptoms be present?

Answer 27

in early developmental period

Question 28

core deficits in reciprocal social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior or interest

Answer 28

autism spectrum disorder

Question 29

abnormal or impaired development evident before the age of 3 in receptive/expressive language, selective social attachments, and functional/symbolic play

Answer 29

autistic disorder

Question 30

isolated special skills, intense circumscribed interest of restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities, and motor clumsiness

Answer 30

asperger syndrome

Question 31

what would be seen in children with possible ASD during their 1st year of life? (2)

Answer 31

reduced response to name
reduced frequency of looking at faces

Question 32

what would be seen in children with possible ASD during their 2nd year of life?

Answer 32

difficulties sharing experiences, interest, or attention with others

Question 33

when does the american academy of pediatrics recommend all kids to be screened for ASD?

Answer 33

18 AND 24 months old

Question 34

what is the management of a positive screening of ASD? (2)

Answer 34

1. parental education
2. referral to developmental specialist

Question 35

what kind of developmental specialist would a child with ASD see, that is younger than 3?

Answer 35

early intervention specialist

Question 36

what kind of developmental specialist would a child with ASD see, that is older than 3?

Answer 36

public schools

Question 37

what are the 3 treatments for ASD?

Answer 37

anti-psychotics
SSRIs
speech/occupational therapy

Question 38

what anti-psychotics can be used for patients with ASD to reduce irritability and behavioral problems? (2)

Answer 38

risperidone
aripoprazle

Question 39

what medication can be used for patients with ASD to improve repetitive behaviors, irritability, depression, anxiety, and aggression?

Answer 39

SSRIs